Question

Post an explanation of the physiological progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock. Then, describe the circumstances under which you would refer patients for emergency care versus treating as an outpatient. Finally, explain how genetics and age might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.

Answer 1

Allergic reactions are the hypersensitive reactions triggered by the body's immune system against the body's own cells or the foreign particles. The agent that triggers the allergic reaction is known as the allergen. Examples of allergens include pollen, protein-rich foods such as seafood, cold air, certain chemicals, etc.

The allergic reactions trigger the inflammatory factors to accumulate and cause the anaphylactic allergic shock (acute and lethal allergic response, which needs immediate treatment with symptoms including urticaria (red rashes on the body), breathing problems, nausea and vomiting. During the anaphylactic shock, the parasympathetic response increases and trigger the release of respiratory secretions, bronchoconstriction, and fall in blood pressure. The increased release of histamines and other allergic mediators along with the decreased response of the sympathetic system and increased parasympathetic response are the causes of anaphylactic shock. Some of the children with the genetic predisposition are at increased risk of developing anaphylactic reactions.

Adrenaline or epinephrine at 1:10,000 dilution is the life-saving drug in anaphylactic shock. Adrenaline is a sympathetic agonist, which causes constriction of blood vessels, increased heart rate, and force of contraction. Thus, the shock caused due to fall in blood pressure can be effectively counteracted by the administration of adrenaline.