Question

QUESTION 1

1. Logical analysis is essential to scientific inquiry insofar as it

   	a.	prescribes ways of thinking or theorizing about the social world.
   	b.	indicates what can be inferred from a given set of observations.
   	c.	suggests appropriate procedures for conducting research.
   	d.	determines whether given evidence justifies a particular conclusion.

14.5 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Given true premises, the conclusion of a valid deductive argument is ______; given true premises, the conclusion of an inductive argument is ______.

   	a.	true; either true or false
   	b.	true; more or less probable
   	c.	more or less probable; either true or false
   	d.	either true or false; more or less probable

14.5 points   

QUESTION 3

1. In a valid syllogism,

   	a.	if the premise are true, then the conclusion may be true.
   	b.	if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true
   	c.	if one premise is false, then the conclusion must be false.
   	d.	if both premises are false, then the conclusion must be false.

14.5 points   

QUESTION 4

1. The deductive argument underlying the disconfirmation of a hypotheses should be ______; the underlying logical argument confirming a hypothesis is ______ .

   	a.	valid; valid
   	b.	invalid; valid
   	c.	valid; invalid
   	d.	invalid; invalid

14.5 points   

QUESTION 5

1. A "crucial test" of a hypothesis

   	a.	confirms the hypothesis.
   	b.	disconfirms the hypothesis.
   	c.	confirms the hypothesis and disconfirms the principal alternative hypothesis at the same time.
   	d.	demonstrates its logical validity or invalidity.

14.5 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Derive the truth table for the below argument and determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

   P1:    If the hypothesis is true, then if condition C is realized, then event E will occur.??H ------> (C ------> E)

   P2:    Condition C is realized and event E did occur./////////////////////////////////////////// C and E

   C:////Therefore, the hypothesis is true.//////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Therefore, H 
   
   How many lines of the truth table have both premises TRUE and Conclusion FALSE? 
   
   Hint: Derive the 8 row truth table for:
   /

   Premise 1://////H ------> (C ------> E)

   Premise 2: //////C and E

   Conclusion:////Therefore, H 
   

   	a.	0
   	b.	1
   	c.	2
   	d.	3
   	e.	4

14.5 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Based on the truth table obtained in question 6, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid (see question 6).

   Premise 1:    If the hypothesis is true, then if condition C is realized, then event E will occur.?H ------> (C ------> E)

   Premise 2:    Condition C is realized and event E did occur.///////////////////////////////////////////C and E

   Conclusion: Therefore, the hypothesis is true.//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Therefore, H 
   
   The above is 

   	a.	Valid
   	b.	Invalid

Answer 1

Answer:

QUESTION 1

1. Logical analysis is essential to scientific inquiry insofar as it

a) prescribes ways of thinking or theorizing about the social world.

b) indicates what can be inferred from a given set of observations.

c)suggests appropriate procedures for conducting research.

d)determines whether given evidence justifies a particular conclusion

.Answer: Option D.

Logical analysis is essential to scientific inquiry insofar as it determines whether given evidence justifies a particular conclusion.

2.Given true premises, the conclusion of a valid deductive argument is ______; given true premises, the conclusion of an inductive argument is ______.

a) true; either true or false

b) true; more or less probable

c) more or less probable; either true or false

d) either true or false; more or less probable

Answer:Option D.

Given true premises, the conclusion of a valid deductive argument is true or false; given true premises, the conclusion of an inductive argument is more or less probable.

3. In a valid syllogism,

a) if the premise are true, then the conclusion may be true

b) if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true

c) if one premise is false, then the conclusion must be false.

d) if both premises are false, then the conclusion must be false.

Answer:Option B.

In a valid syllogism, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.

4.The deductive argument underlying the dis confirmation of a hypotheses should be ______; the underlying logical argument confirming a hypothesis is ______ .

a) valid; valid

b) invalid; valid

c) valid; invalid

d) invalid; valid

Answer:Option B.

The deductive argument underlying the dis confirmation of a hypotheses should be invalid; the underlying logical argument confirming a hypothesis is valid.

5. A "crucial test" of a hypothesis

a) confirms the hypothesis.

b) dis confirms the hypothesis.

c)confirms the hypothesis and dis confirms the principal alternative hypothesis at the same time

d) demonstrates its logical validity or invalidity.

Answer: Option C

A crucial test is a test intended to show which of the two competing hypotheses is true and which is false.