Question

What are the possible events will happen if there's a mutation in the DNA polymerase I, II, and III gene of a prokaryotes cell?

Answer 1

DNA polymerases are enzymes that helps to synthesized new DNA strands by adding nucleotides or removing the RNA primers and replacing it with a newly synthesized DNA. There are 3 DNA polymerases that helps in prokaryotic DNA replication which are named as DNA POL1, DNA POL2 and DNAPOL 3 out of all the three DNA pol 3 is the most important polymerase for replicatio.

DNA POL3: it adds nucleotides one after the other to the growing nucleotide chain, so for this it requires energy which is given by the phosphates attachted to the nucleotides such as ATP ,GTP etc which have three phosphates attach to it and when these phosphates breaks it relaeses energy.

DNA POL 2: it has the dna repair mechanism. if there is any error that occur during synthesis then dna pol 2 comes into play. the N terminal of DNA pol 2 is resposible for association or dissocition of the growing dna strand

DNA POL 3: dna requires RNA primers for synthesizing new strand so dna pOL 3 has and exonuclease activity which helps in removing those primer after the work is done and then replacing it with the new strand.

Mutation occurs spontaneously either affects the genome or the organism on which the mutaion is occuring. It can occur spontaneously which can be removed during proofreading of DNA polymerase. these are known as mismatch mutation as these are those position in the genome which donot complement the otther nucleotide. if the mismatch is not detected by DNA pol proofered then it will remin in the double helix and will be pass on to the next round of replication becoming a parmanent part of the double strand version mutation

another kind of mutation that might occur is due to mutagen that has reacted with the parent dna causing changes in the structure and making bas pain changes in the futher replication.

DNA polmerases are selection process occurs at three stages during replication that is

1. during polymerisation reaction

2.it can discriminate the incorrect nucleotide that is occuring whn bound to the template

3. when it shift to active site of the enzyme and attch to the 3'end of the polypeptide when it gets synthesized

so there is very less chance of mutation that might occur as there are very tight checks points in every step of dna polymerase so the mutation that occur during replication are alomost corrected except when the terminal nucleotide is not base paired resuting in haults in the whole polymerisation process and then the polymerase exonuclease activities comes to play to correct the mistake.

there is very less chance of mutation in replication but if occurs then there will be a either hauth id the process leadin to no protein synthesis or else if it proceed then it may laed to changes in the protein formation as well.