Question

In: Chemistry

For each of the following statements, provide an explanation: a)The Cl- ion is larger than Cl...

For each of the following statements, provide an explanation: a)The Cl- ion is larger than Cl atom b)The S2- ion is larger than the O2- ion c)The K+ ion is larger than the Ca2+ ion

Solutions

Expert Solution

(a) The atomic number of Chlorine is 17,so number of electrons in Cl is 17 & number of protons are 17

On adding one electron to Cl atom it forms Cl-, so number of electrons are 17 +1 = 18 & the number of protons are the same that is 17

So as the nuclear charge is the same (17 units of +ve charge) the effective nuclear charge in Cl is more there by it contaracts the Cl atom which leads to decrease in size.

Therefore The Cl- ion is larger than Cl atom

(b) As we move from top to bottom in a group the size of the atom increase due to increase in number of shells.

O & S belongs to 14th group O is on the top & S is at the bottom of the group so S is having more size trhan O .

Simillarly The S2- ion is larger than the O2- ion.

(c) The atomic number of K is 19 so number of electrons are 19 & number of protons are 19

    On removing one electron from K we get K+ so the resulting contains 18 electrons & the number of protons remains the same that is 19.

The atomic number of Ca is 20 so number of electrons are 20 & number of protons are 20

    On removing two electrons from Ca we get Ca2+ so the resulting contains 18 electrons & the number of protons remains the same that is 20.

So the effective nuclear charge in Ca2+ is more than K+ thereby the energy levels shink by the more +vely charged nucleus.

Therefore The K+ ion is larger than the Ca2+ ion.

queen_honey_blossom answered 6 months ago
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