Question

Describe the production of energy from municipal waste. Please find details below;

This is a PowerPoint presentation (or in PDF format) should include at least 15 slides but no more than 40. Important for me will be

Information should be correct

Data should not be too much obsolete

Don’t forget give the references

The presentation should be readable

recommendation and conclusions

Answer 1

Solutions :

INTRODUCTION Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) contains organic as well as inorganic matter. The latent energy present in its organic fraction can be recovered for gainful utilisation through adoption of suitable Waste Processing and Treatment technologies. The recovery of energy from wastes also offers a few additional benefits as follows: (i) The total quantity of waste gets reduced by nearly 60% to over 90%, depending upon the waste composition and the adopted technology; (ii) Demand for land, which is already scarce in cities, for landfilling is reduced; (iii) The cost of transportation of waste to far-away landfill sites also gets reduced proportionately; and (iv) Net reduction in environmental pollution. It is, therefore, only logical that, while every effort should be made in the first place to minimise generation of waste materials and to recycle and reuse them to the extent feasible, the option of Energy Recovery from Wastes be also duly examined. Wherever feasible, this option should be incorporated in the over-all scheme of Waste Management. 15.2 BASIC TECHNIQUES OF ENERGY RECOVERY Energy can be recovered from the organic fraction of waste (biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable) basically through two methods as follows: (i) Thermo-chemical conversion : This process entails thermal de-composition of organic matter to produce either heat energy or fuel oil or gas; and (ii) Bio-chemical conversion: This process is based on enzymatic decomposition of organic matter by microbial action to produce methane gas or alcohol. The Thermo-chemical conversion processes are useful for wastes containing high percentage of organic non-biodegradable matter and low moisture content.

The main technological options under this category include Incineration and Pyrolysis/ Gasification. The bio-chemical conversion processes, on the other hand, are preferred for wastes having high percentage of organic bio-degradable (putrescible) matter and high level of moisture/ water content, which aids microbial activity. The main technological options under this category is Anaerobic Digestion, also referred to as Biomethanation.

TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS There are various technological options which can be employed for recovery of energy from MSW . While some of these have already been applied at a large scale, some others are under advanced stages of development. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) In this process, also referred to as bio-methanation, the organic fraction of wastes is segregated and fed to a closed container (biogas digester) where, under anaerobic conditions, the organic wastes undergo bio-degradation producing methane-rich biogas and effluent/ sludge. The biogas production ranges from 50- 150m3 /tonne of wastes, depending upon the composition of waste. The biogas can be utilised either for cooking/ heating applications, or through dual fuel or gas engines or gas / steam turbines for generating motive power or electricity. The sludge from anaerobic digestion, after stabilisation, can be used as a soil conditioner, or even sold as manure depending upon its composition, which is determined mainly by the composition of the input waste. Fundamentally, the anaerobic digestion process can be divided into three stages with three distinct physiological groups of micro-organisms: Stage I: It involves the fermentative bacteria, which include anaerobic and facultative micro-organisms. Complex organic materials, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are hydrolyzed and fermented into fatty acids, alcohol, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and sulfides. Stage II: In this stage the acetogenic bacteria consume these primary products and produce hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetic acid. Stage III: It utilizes two distinct types of methanogenic bacteria. The first reduces carbon dioxide to methane, and the second decarboxylates acetic acid to methane and carbon dioxide.

Main Steps in Anaerobic Treatment of MSW Pre-treatment: to remove inerts and non-biodegradable materials, upgrade and homogenise the feedstock for digestion and to promote downstream treatment processes. Anaerobic Digestion: and to produce biogas for energy to de-odorise, stabilise and disinfect the feedstock. Post-Treatment: to complete the stabilisation of the digested material and to produce a refined product of suitable moisture content, particle size and physical structure for the proposed end-use as organic manure. Effluent Treatment: to treat the liquid effluent to specified standards before final disposal.

Rest in details i am providing you my personal link you will get in very fantastic way.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/11PowwzdkLBjMDSaeFSQXaS3v8Ogm55oE/view?usp=drivesdk

Please upvote my friend