Question

1. how does age affect elimination problems

2. What is the difference between an indwelling catheter and a straight catheter?What are some reasons why a patient would need an indwelling catheter inserted?What are some reasons why a patient would need a straight catheter?What education should be given to the patient before, during, and after the procedure?How did you do while practicing? Did you forget anything? Did you stay sterile?

Answer 1

1. How does age affect elimination problems?

Aging affects both bladder and bowel eliminations.

Bladder elimination problems include:

• Urinary incontinence-(Urethra get shortens and thins especially in females as the aging occurs, thus decreasing the ability of urinary spintcher to close )
• Incomplete urination.-(bladder capacity get weak due to the neurologic and muscle changes and leads to residual urine and dribbling)
• Urinary retention (Aging causes enlargement of prostate gland in males,gradually causing the blockage or urine)

Bowel elimination problems include:

• constipation-(As the aging occurs the inactivity makes the  food flow in the intestine get slowed thus decreased activity of intestinal muscles which cause absorbing more water from stool and leads to hardened stool)
• fecal incontinence-(Due to the muscle laxity with the increased age in the sphincter,it may cause fecal incontinence)

2. What is the difference between an indwelling catheter and a straight catheter?What are some reasons why a patient would need an indwelling catheter inserted?What are some reasons why a patient would need a straight catheter?What education should be given to the patient before, during, and after the procedure?How did you do while practicing? Did you forget anything? Did you stay sterile?

Indwelling catheter -

Used for continuous drainage of urine.

It is inserted and positioned in the bladder with a balloon to prevent dislodgment.

Chance of infection is high as it is kept for longer periods.

patient discomfort is high in indwelling catheters.

Indications for indwelling catheter :urinary incontinence,urinary retention,used in post operative patient those who cant ambulate, post surgery involving structures of perineal area,Infected wounds in the perineal area.

Straight catheter

Used for intermittent drainage of urine.

Usually used in the events of acute urinary retention .

chance of infection is less in comparison with indwelling catheter.

Patient discomfort is less in comparison with indwelling catheter.

Indications for indwelling catheter:Acute urinary retention from prostate problems ,Intermittent decompression of neurogenic bladder.

Patient Education:

Before procedure:

Educate about the need of the procedure for the patient.

Explain the procedure and get a verbal consent.

Instruct the positioning of patient during procedure.

Instruct about the aseptic techniques for the procedures.

Instruct about the use of gel for the procedure.

Instruct about the minimal discomfort with the Catheterization.

During procedure:

Instruct to keep the legs apart and relax.

Instruct about the cleaning procedure of the perineal area.

Advice to take breath upon advancing the catheter it will allow the ease insertion.

After procedure:

Reassure the patient about the successful placement and urine drainage.

Inform the patient the catheter is kept in place with a balloon in bladder.

Inform the patient about the fixation to prevent the traction .

Inform the patient about the drainage bag and advice to keep the bag below bladder to prevent infection.