Question

Please use your own words, starting from the electrical characteristics of both capacitor and inductor, to explain how capacitor and inductor store energy and attain memory.

Answer 1

Energy store in Inductor--

Inductor is a coil of wire and also known as choke. it is a passive element. It does not allow to change in current passing through it , if the current change, inductor generates an induced current in the coil in the opposite direction of current.

lets understand it by an example by giving ac supply to an inductor (simply a circuit in which inductor is connected by a sinusoidal supply)

As the current increases the magnetic fields inside the inductor also increases this change in magnetic field leads to generates some induced current in the opposite direction of the current so it can cancel the effect of increasing current value. When the current decrease in next half cycle the decreasing magnetic fields induces the current in the same direction of current ( to make the current constant). So inductor is basically trying to oppose the changes in the current by storing the energy.

Energy store in capacitor--

As we all know that the Capacitors has two plates. When a supply is given to the capacitor that is the voltage is applied between the two plates of capacitor it creates a potential difference due to which an electric field is established between the plates. As the Electrons moves from the positive plate of the capacitor to the negative plate of capacitor then charge seperation occurs that mean Positive charge store on one side and negative charge on the other side.

As the electric field has the potential energy. When a load is connected, due to discharging of charge stored potential energy in electric field gets converted into the form of electric energy.