Question

The chromosomes in a eukaryotic organism are found in which cellular structure?

​A) Vacuole

​B) Chloroplast

​C) Mitochondria

​D) Nucleus

Which of the following is the best definition of genome?

​A) The total of all proteins existing in a cell at a particular time

​B) The total genetic information contained (as DNA) in a cell or organism

​C) The total genetic information that gets expressed as visible or measureable traits in a cell or organism

​D) The information contained in the messenger RNA

​

To our best knowledge (derived from fossil evidence), about how long has any kind of life been on Earth?

​A) 600,000 years

​B) 1.5 million years

​C) 3.5 billion years

​D) 13 billion years

Which of the following correctly states the net reaction that occurs in the process of photosynthesis?

​A) Food molecules + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O + energy

​B) Food molecules + CO2 ---> O2 + H2O + energy

​C) Light energy + O2 + H2O ---> CO2 + food molecules (as sugars)

​D) CO2 + H2O + light energy ---> O2 + food molecules (as sugars)

The simplest entity which can be said to be alive is the

  A) molecule

  B) cell

  C) plant or animal

  D) virus

Answer 1

1. D) Nucleus

Eukaryotic chromosome is composed of DNA coiled and condensed around proteins called histones in the nucleus. Vacuoles are storage bubbles in cells. Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis. Mitochondria generate energy needed to power the cells.

2. B) The total genetic information contained (as DNA) in a cell or organism.

A genome refers to an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. The total of all proteins existing in a cell at a particular time is called proteome. Protein is translated from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA.

3. C) 3.5 billion years

The oldest known fossils are around 3.5 billion years old.

4. D) CO2 + H2O + light energy ---> O2 + food molecules (as sugars)

During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds such as sugars.

5. B) cell

All living things are composed of cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms.