Question

According to Erikson and Piaget, what is going on with children in early and middle childhood?,

Answer 1

• According to Erikson,in early childhood,an infant is still developing trust based on the dependability of their caregivers.If they receive adequate care,they develop a sense of trust and a failure leads to mistrust.When there is a balance,children develop hope,which makes the child open to gain new experiences.
• during early childhood,children start to gain little independence,and start exploring things on their own.This should be encouraged rather than parents being over protective,which could develop shame or guilt in the child.A sense of autonomy needs to be encouraged in a safe environment to gain personal control and confidence in their abilities.
• And when they develop,autonomy,they are able to take intitiative to do things on their own and feel capable to lead others.Those who fail develop self doubt.
• In middle childhood,are involved in being industrious,as they are constantly planning,playing with friends and achieving skills.They are going to school,and it is an active time for them to gain a sense of how they compare themselves with their friends.There is sense of comptetition in among friends in school.
• Erikson believed that industrious children view themselves as successful when achieving their goals and develop competence to face challenges.If the child feels he or she is not measuring up to their peers,they develop feelings of inferiority and self doubt,which leads to inferiority complex in adulthood.
• To overcome this,children need to be encouraged to explore new opportunities and abilities,they should be authentic feedback and make them understand that failure is not horrible,rather motivate them to learn from their mistakes.When children learn from their failures,they develop a sense of comptence,which sets the base of developing a confident personality.
• According to Piaget,in early childhood,a child is still exploring their environment through basic actions of sucking,grasping,biting etc. and develop an understanding that objects continue to exist even after they are hidden,which is called object permanance.
• Around 2-7 years they start to think symbolically and learn to use pictures an words to understand things.They tend to b egocentric,and think form their own persepective and not of others.They still think in concrete terms.
• In middle childhood,they develop an understanding of other's perspectives,logical deductive reasoning and understanding abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.