Babies delivered by Cesarean methods or those who were exposed to antibiotics in the womb may...

Babies delivered by Cesarean methods or those who were exposed to antibiotics in the womb may be more prone to diseases like Asthma and diabetes. Why? Remember – explore the molecular basis! Is this statement an uncontested fact?

Expert Solution

It is observed that infants delivered by caesarean section and those who were exposed to antibiotics in the womb are more prone of non-communicable diseases like like Asthma, autoimmune disorders, obesity and diabetes. Mode of delivery influences the infant micro biome and immune health. Babies are exposed to maternal bacteria that would occur during the birthing process in vaginal birth, which is bypassed in cesarean deliveries.

This early microbial colonization can alter an individual’s health in later life as these microbes contribute to immune programming and sensitization. These microbes produce and release metabolites and degradation products which react with the developing immune system. In cesarean deliveries, this immune stimulation is much lower. Failure in establishment of this ecosystem in infants and the intrapartum antibiotic administration are factors causing impaired immune system in later life. That is why the infants born by cesarean delivery are at increased risk of asthma and allergies. They are prone to auto immune disorders like type 1 diabetes in which the immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. More diverse microbial communities lead to lower rates of these types of diseases.

The beneficial bacteria that colonize in the gut will be accustomed to the infant's immune system and they train the infant's immune system with the help of Regulatory T cells (T_regs) and Th17 cells. These cells have vital role in the immune system to identify the beneficial bacteria. Actually, the immune system co-evolves with the resident microbes. T_reg mediate immunosuppression by the expression of molecules like CD25 and Foxp3 and are pivotal for commensal tolerance. Microbial exposure is required for the induction and maintenance of T_regs, which will be minimal in infants delivered by caesarean section.

gladiator answered 8 months ago

Mary is a 32-year-old G2 P2 who delivered a baby boy by repeat cesarean section at...

Mary is a 32-year-old G2 P2 who delivered a baby boy by repeat cesarean section at 1200. She received epidural morphine for pain management. Mary returned to the mother-baby unit at 1530. She had an IV of LR infusing, but the nurse discontinued it at 2000 after Mary tolerated sips of clear liquids and then a regular diet at dinner. It is now 0800. When the nurse enters the room, she finds Mary unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 8...

Exposed persons Those who ate suspected foods Unexposed persons Those who did not eat suspected foods...

Exposed persons Those who ate suspected foods Unexposed persons Those who did not eat suspected foods Suspected foods Ill Well Total Attack Rate % Ill Well Total Attack Rate % Ham 36 5 2 11 Potato Salad 40 4 9 6 Peas 16 15 10 13 An investigation of an outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning occurred during the second week of January 2017 on campus. The case definition produced by the investigators was an acute onset of nausea, cramps, and...

In a production plant, 20% people are exposed to very loud noises. Of those who are...

In a production plant, 20% people are exposed to very loud noises. Of those who are exposed to loud noises, 10% show sign of hearing loss at some point of their lives. Of those who are not exposed to loud noises, only 5% will develop hearing loss. a). What is the probability that a randomly chosen person is not exposed to loud noise? b). What is the probability that a randomly chosen person will experience hearing loss? c). Are the...

The Supreme Court has defined public figures as those who have “voluntarily exposed

The Supreme Court has defined public figures as those who have “voluntarily exposed themselves to increased risk of injury by assuming an influential role in ordering society.” When deciding whether someone is a public figure, courts look at whether this person has received press coverage, sought the public spotlight, and has the opportunity to publicly rebut the accusations. Some have argued that social media makes anyone with a public Facebook profile or a certain number of Twitter followers a public...

Four groups of student were chosen and exposed to different methods of teaching. At the end...

Four groups of student were chosen and exposed to different methods of teaching. At the end of the period, they were given a test to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching method.The number os student in each group differed according to group.Using the following mark data, calculate the mean squares between methods. Mean squares between students and the total on overall marks. G1 G2 G3 G4 65 75 59 94 87 69 78 89 73 83 67 80 79 81...

The researchers examined the mean age of the patients who were depressed and those who were...

The researchers examined the mean age of the patients who were depressed and those who were not. Write an appropriate null and alternative hypothesis. What would be a good statistical test for this analysis and why? The corresponding p value is 0.25? What do you conclude?

In a study of Vietnam veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange, a herbicide defoliant used...

In a study of Vietnam veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange, a herbicide defoliant used during the Vietnam war, 20 Vietnam veterans were randomly chosen and blood and fat tissue samples were taken from each one of them. The TCDD (a dioxin) levels, measured in ppm, was recorded for the blood plasma and in the fat tissues samples. Data are found in the file TCDDFat. TCDDFat: Veteran TCDD levels in Blood Plasma TCDD level in Fat Tissue 1 2.5...

For those who agreed that "Channels of Distribution may be the best opportunity for a sustained...

For those who agreed that "Channels of Distribution may be the best opportunity for a sustained competitive advantage," HOW do you suppose that a good channel can provide the marketer that competitive advantage? What has to happen inside the channel to make it all 'worthwhile' and to give a marketer that competitive advantage to which we have some caveats above??

A job training program was delivered to 4,000 unemployed youth who were randomly selected from a...

A job training program was delivered to 4,000 unemployed youth who were randomly selected from a pool of 5,000 eligible applicants. The remaining 1,000 individuals did not receive the program. In the treatment group (of 4,000 trainees), 2,500 had a job at the end of the year. In the control group (of 1,000 individuals), only 500 had a job. The job training program cost $100,000 total. What is the cost effectiveness of the program? a. $25 per job obtained b....

On May 1 (the required delivery date), Seller delivered goods that Seller reasonably believed were acceptable....

On May 1 (the required delivery date), Seller delivered goods that Seller reasonably believed were acceptable. The next day, Seller was told tat the goods were nonconforming. Seller immediately gave notice that the improper performance would be cured. Under these facts: a. Seller cannot cure. A seller cannot cure an improper performance. b. Seller cannot cure. A seller can cure only if a cure is done within the original contract time. c. Seller can cure if Seller tenders confirming goods...

Question