Question

Scavenger Hunt

Think about the three domains of development: biosocial or physical, cognitive and psychosocial and how they propel growth throughout our lives. Choose only ONE stage of development: Infancy/Toddler (birth to 2 years); Early Childhood (3 to 6 years) or School Age (6 to 12 years). Hunt for 2 items that promote the growth and development in each of the three domains: Biosocial, Cognitive and Psychosocial. Justify/explain why you chose each item. Specify how it fosters development in the domain you have identified it is compatible to. Use small cards and type at least 3 skills that each item help to develop. It is important that each chosen item it is age appropriate for the stage of development you identified and it is also appropriate for the domain of development. Materials 6 safe, age and domain appropriate items. 6 index cards . Write at least 3 skills for each item that it will help to develop. 3 zip lock bags (optional) to keep items organized for each domain. 1 grocery bag (optional) to keep all items organized for this assignment. Once you have identified your items, think critically about why they complement that stage of development and how they further development in the domain you have chosen. Write at least 3 skills that they promote for each domain: for example markers help development of the fine motor skills and eye and hand coordination, as well as writing. Choose items in good repair and in a working condition. The standard is:" what would you like to receive as a gift on your birthday ?"

Answer 1

DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT

Domain

Domain refers to a particular area that is a part of group of similar areas.In the context of Child Development, domains refers to areas of Child Development which are independent of other domains and are yet inter-related.

Domains of development

There are 5 domains of Child Development

1. Physical Development

2. Cognitive Development

3. Social Development

4. Emotional Development

5. Language development

Physical domain

• Physical Domain is the area of Child Development which includes development of the body.

There are three main aspects of this development.

• Movement and Balance
• Gross Motor Skills Abilities required to control large muscles of body for walking, jumping, running, crawling, sitting etc.
• Fine Motor Skills Abilities required to control small movements. For example - using fingers and toes, toes and wrists.

Cognitive domain

• Cognitive Domain is related to that area of brain of a child which helps him to learn and think.
• It includes memory, perception, thinking, reasoning, concept development, problem solving, abstract thinking.
• Attention and Memory – Skills include visual and auditory attention, recalling information such as familiar songs and rhymes, and finding hidden objects and pictures.
• Reasoning and Academic Skills – Skills relate to critical thinking and include perceiving and analyzing information and using logic to solve problems. Scholastic skills such as matching, identifying numerals and letters, and counting are also included.
• Perception and Concepts – Skills focus on examining differences and similarities. Development of skills in this area begins with an infant’s sensorimotor interactions and proceeds toward development of concepts related to time, sequence, and weight.

Social domain

• Social Development includes the relationship aspects of an individual with other people, social values and right and wrong behavior.
• As personal-social skills develop there are increases in a child’s understanding of relationships, self-awareness, empathy, and coping strategies.
• It includes

1. Adult interaction – Skills include response and initiation of social interactions with adults, helping adults with simple tasks, identifying familiar people.
2. Peer interaction – Abilities in forming friendships, interacting in small groups, sharing toys, taking turns
3. Self-Concept and Social Role – Development of self-awareness and pride, coping with his/her own feelings as well as aggression or teasing from others

Emotional domain

• Emotional Domain that area of a child which makes him "feel".
• It includes how we express our emotions, identify ours and others emotions and finally how we regulate emotions

Language development

• Language development and the development of communication skills, is part of cognitive development – using the brain for thinking, listening and talking and using language for learning through reading and writing

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

The stages of development incluses the following

1. Prenatal Stage

• It is the period from conception to birth.
• The development of the brain is of particular importance.
• At 22 weeks the fetus can react to acoustic stimuli and can be studied.
• Development of speech is based on prenatal learning.
• Babies can remember musical patterns they hear in the womb.

2.Infancy

• This period extends from birth to 18 months of age.
• The age of trust or mistrust.
• The child only needs nourishment and care.
• The newborn has to adjust with the temperature changes.
• Learns to breath, deficate, suck and swallow.
• It is a time for radical adjustments.

3.Early Childhood (Toddlers)

• This stage ranges from 18 months to 3 years.
• The muscular and nervous systems develops remarkably by the second year.
• The child needs guidance as it learns to distinguish right and wrong and begins to develop conscience
• Gets ready to read and is able to speak effectively by this stage.

4.Middle Childhood (Preschooler)

• This stage extends from 3 to 5 years.
• It is at this time, the child’s willingness to try new things is facilitated or inhibited.
• Can understand and express relationships between the past and the future.

5.Late Childhood (Schooler)

• This period ranges from 5 to 12 years.
• The child develops greater attention span, needs less sleep and gains rapidly in strength.
• The child learns to get along with age-mates and learns physical skills necessary for ordinary games.
• Spend more time in acquiring skills and need accomplishment regardless of ablility.

6.Adolescence

• This period extends from 12 to 20 years.
• The individual attains puberty leading to many changes in the individual’s sexual, social, emotional and vocational life.
• Described as a period of storm and stress.
• Understanding and responding to the unique developmental characteristics of young adolescents is central among the tenants of middle level education

7.Early Adulthood

• This stage extends from 20 to 30 years.
• As an adult, the individual takes a firmer place in society, usually holding a job, contributing to community and maintaining a family and care for offspring.
• Shows increase in leadership qualities.

8.Mature Adulthood

• This period ranges from 30 to 65 years of age.
• It is also called the ‘Middle Age’.
• One has to adjust to the deterioration of body and strength of this age.
• The person becomes able enough to assist teenage children to become responsible and happy adults

9.Old Age

• This stage is the extension after 65 years till death.
• By this age people’s goals and abilities have become more limited.
• Rapid decrease in strength

As per the question lets consider about one stage of development ,ie, Toddlers (1-3 years)

Material used

1. Play dough
2. Collage

1.PLAY DOUGH

• Set up the activity and then help the children / parents with making the playdough, doing the playdough activities
• Watch how the children show interest and enjoy the activity

Physical development – fine motor skills:

• using their fingers and hands for rolling, cutting and pushing the playdough

Social and/or emotional development:

• playing with others
• sharing the rollers, shapes and the playdough

Cognitive development:

• thinking about what they will do, what the playdough feels like, what they can do with it, watching others use the playdough
• making things with playdough – using creative skills

Language development:

• talking about what they are doing
• listening to others talk about what they are doing

2.COLLAGE

A collage activity provides opportunities for children’s cognitive development, using skills of thinking, imagining, problem-solving, observing, planning, talking and listening.

• Read ‘Learning through Play – Collage’ to find out what the children could learn during this activity
• Decide what the collage will be about. Collect a range of materials suitable for the children to use for the collage and then plan how it could work out.

Physical development – fine motor skills:

• using their fingers and hands for cutting, pasting, tearing

• learning how to cut, how to paste, how to tear paper, how to use different materials

Social and/or emotional development:

• sharing the paste, scissors, materials etc and taking turns

• feeling happy with what they are doing and happy with themselves

Cognitive development:

• creative skills – thinking about what they will do, how they will set things out, what to choose next and what colours they like

Language development:

• talking about what they are doing

• listening to others talk about what they are doing

• asking questions