Question

1. Many people criticize what we’ve covered so far as not being true artificial intelligence. This criticism is often targeted at expert systems specifically but also at the idea of search itself as Artificial intelligence. Briefly answer the following in your own words (2-4 sentences)

(These will be graded both on the quality of your argument and your demonstration of understanding of what Expert systems are and what the Turing test is.)

Credit will only be given for typed answers.

1. Do you believe expert systems can be defined as intelligence? Support your answer.
2. Do you think Turing’s test is a good evaluation for whether or not an expert system is intelligent? Support your answer.

Answer 1

a.

In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code.Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of artificial intelligence (AI) software.An expert system is divided into two subsystems: the inference engine and the knowledge base. The knowledge base represents facts and rules. The inference engine applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts. Inference engines can also include explanation and debugging abilities.

b.

Alan Turing proposed that a computer can be said to possess artificial intelligence if it can mimic human responses under specific conditions.I do not think that the Turing test is a valid test of intelligence, because intelligence is not required to pass the test! Although a system can pass for human, that does not mean that it has the same conscious experience as humans. This is important, because when we talk about capital I, Intelligence we fundamentally imply the ability to understand and operate on knowledge stored in our mind. There has to exist mechanisms for representing the world, and mechanisms for changing and updating our models, and effecting change.