Question

• Explain network application architectures and protocols which are developed based on those architectures.

Answer 1

Solution:

Network application architectures:

There are basically two types of architectures:

• Client-Server Architecture: The client-server architecture works on the model which says that firstly a client requests for something then it is sent through the various network layer to the server so the server can process the request and gives a proper response on the basis of that, the response is again sent back through the client. This way of serving and granting requests is commonly referred to as the client-server architecture. The client has a fixed IP address to communicate.
• P2P Architecture (Peer to peer architecture): The peer to peer architecture works on the server mainly at the center of the system. There are a pair of hosts which directly communicate with each other, they don't require a server as a middle through which communication takes place. Sharing of files and other documents becomes very easy and they take much less time.

Client-Server Protocols:

• TCP/IP: This is a connection-oriented protocol which is used during communication. Here basically the communications are reliable i.e overheads are present. It is also said that it manages the flow control scenario and it also deals with the retransmission scenarios of the dropped packets. In the OSI model, TCP works in the transport layer and also on the sessions layer. Here, when each packet travels, it is considered to be as an independent packet without any relation with any other packets.

P2P Protocols:

• File Transfer Protocol: This protocol can be termed as a protocol which works in the P2P architecture. It is said to be as a client-server protocol but the star part is that it is very much flexible i.e its role depends on the type of application it is working upon. Basically, the FTP looks whether the file exchange is properly happening between the hosts or not.
• SMTP Protocol: This protocol is mainly used in e-mails. It basically follows the process of store and forward. it mainly interacts with the computer and the email inbox i.e when the sending and receiving hosts are connected.