: To determine the soil profile/layers in a site, as an engineer which all types of soil exploration method will you suggest? Also, how the details of soil exploration are made used to find the soil bearing capacity of the construction site.

Solve the given below problem and justify the statement, “When the degree of saturation of a soil sample is less than 100% then its water content also should be less than 100%” Problem: A soil sample has a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 76 mm. Its wet weight is 1.15 N. Upon drying its weight reduced to 0.5 N. In the wet state what was the degree of saturation and water content of the soil sample. Take ‘G’ as 2.7.

How the slope reinforcement is done by Rick bolting and Rock anchoring?

I want to paraphrase for this papers.

The purpose of this report introduces a useful tool, which estimates dust emission and dispersion. DUSTRAN is dust emission and transport model developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. According to Shaw (2008), “(DUSTRAN), which calculates atmospheric dust concentrations that result from both natural and human activity.” We show three examples that it was applied to actual situations: dust concentration with observations of wind erosion in southeastern Washington, contaminated dust emission during high winds in southern Iraq, and transport of sea salt aerosols.

          First, a research group (Shaw, et al., 2008) shows both the DUSTRAN algorithm and the comparison of simulated dust concentration with data at the site. The measurements were made in southeastern Washington to monitor site recovering after a fire that occurred in 2001.The DUSTRAN has a dust emissions model for calculating emissions due to both natural and human activity. Moreover, it makes possible to get dust emission for specific particle size such as PM2.5, PM10, and so on. They also explain (Shaw, et al., 2008) the calculation of the atmospheric concentration of particulate matter caused by wind erosion, and it requires soil composition, characteristics of the soil crust vegetation cover, and soil moisture. They concluded that the comparisons had provided availability of the DUSTRAN as to estimate dust emission, however, they also suggested the importance of soil moisture data and the weakness of the DUSTRAN that it tends to overestimate PM10 when dust concentrations are low.

         Second, Zannetti, Daly, & Freedman (2015) applies it to air pollution problems at Qarmat-Ali, Basra, Iraq, during 2003. Before their study, the soil had been contaminated by sodium dichromate. Since people who worked at the site have claimed that their health was threatened by exposure to dust contaminating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], they tried to build a model of the situation. To estimate the Cr(VI) concentration in the soil, they used the AERMOD model and the DUSTRAN model. The AERMOD model was used to calculate the ambient concentration of PM10/Cr(VI). While the AERMOD is widely used in the scientific field as a certain technique for estimating atmospheric transport of pollutants, including particulate matter and any material attached to particles, the author describes that “the AERMOD model is routinely used without any additional recalibration with local data, ...” (Zannetti, Daly, & Freedman, 2015). As an improvement of this point, they combined the DUSTRAN that determines the wind erosion at the local site with it. To calculate the emission rate of dust due to wind erosion, DUSTRAN gives a threshold value which depends on three parameters extracted from a local data: the soil moisture, the soil composition, and the surface roughness. If the wind velocity is larger than the value of the threshold, it assumes that dust is emitted from a source area. In addition to calculating the amount of the dust emission, DUSTRAN provides estimations of the particle size distribution in the dust. And then, DUSTRAN can estimate the amount of particulate matter contained in the dust emission. They finally concluded that they were able to perform a partial validation of the model which is combined generally used model (AERMOD) and the wind erosion process (DUSTRAN), by comparing the simulation outputs with measurement data at the site.

            Third, Jensen and his research group (Jensen, et al., 2016) proved the ability of DUSTRAN to model the transport of sea salt aerosols (SSA). By comparing their results from the DUSTRAN simulations with meteorological data taken at the near coast Maine Yankee Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and the Environmental Protection Agency-measured CASTNET data from Acadia National Park (NP). As mentioned above DUSTRAN includes dispersion models, however, it is not specialized to a specific matter. The author tried to apply it and evaluate its potential for the modeling of chloride particulate matter by using one of the general dispersion models: CALPUFF which is suitable for mid-size domains of up to 200 km. The author concluded that “Comparisons of simulated and measured data have provided encouragement as to the potential practical value of DUSTRAN in predicting the dispersion of atmospheric chloride from the SSA” (Jensen, et al., 2016). The author mentioned, more experimental data and multiple data sets for DUSTRAN’s input may improve accuracy of a simulation. In conclusion, we have studied applications of DUSTRAN, a dust dispersion modeling system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, to actual problems: dust concentration with wind erosion in southeastern Washington, contaminated dust emission in southern Iraq, and transports of salt salt aerosols. Each research applied a general dispersion model included in the DUSTRAN system to simulate own situation, and proved the potential of it to estimate the concentration of dust containing an interesting matter such as hexavalent chloride, PM10, and chloride. To get precise results, however, these researches pointed out the importance of the local data measurements at the site. Because wind velocity and the soil moisture contribute to the emission rate simulation, local measurements at the site should be done carefully not to make lacks of data. Finally, as an application of DUSTRAN to nuclear study fields, it has a possibility to simulate an atmospheric transportation of dust containing a radionuclide after an accidental release from nuclear facilities. In this case, it also needs a local meteorological data, so tireless efforts of measurements are an essential factor for simulation.

References

Jensen, P., Tran, T., Fritz, B., Rutz, F., Ross, S., Gorton, A., . . . Trainor, K. (2016). Preliminary Evaluation of the DUSTRAN Modeling Suite for Modeling Atmospheric Chloride Transport. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health,10(1), 25-31. doi:10.1007/s11869016-0404-5

Shaw, W. J., Allwine, K. J., Fritz, B. G., Rutz, F. C., Rishel, J. P., & Chapman, E. G. (2008). An evaluation of the wind erosion module in DUSTRAN. Atmospheric Environment,42(8), 1907-1921. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.022

Zannetti, P., Daly, A. D., & Freedman, F. R. (2015). Dispersion modeling of particulate matter containing hexavalent chromium during high winds in southern Iraq. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(2), 171-185. doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.981317

What is rock instability, sliding blocks and give the types of land slides.

An interchange ramp is being designed to reach its high point after climbing for 2000 feet with a grade of +6%.Use the Deceleration/acceleration curves to answer the following:

A.What is the critical length of grade for this ramp based on the 10 mph speed reduction definition?

B.What would be the speed of a fully loaded truck at the top of the ramp if it enters the ramp at 60 mph?

C.If the ramp descends from its high point for a distance of 1000ft at a rate of -1%, what would the speed of the truck in part B be at the bottom?

Problem 2. A 25-foot wide rectangular channel with Manning’s n of 0.025 is carrying 5000 cfs. The slope of the channel is 0.05% (0.0005 ft/ft). At a specific point, the slope changes abruptly to 5%. Using the direct step method, calculate the profile upstream of the break in slope, extending upstream to a point where the depth is within 5 percent of normal depth. (That means the final depth in your direct step method is between 0.95 and 1.05 times normal depth.) Classify the flow profile (M-1, S-1, etc.).

Please write step by step solution

TASK 1: THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY

• THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY

• Explain in detail the Role of Construction Industry
• Explain in detail the contribution of the construction Industry in economic growth in terms of:
  • Employment
  • Foreign Investment
  • Tourism
  • The growth of other industry

Q2. Assume a rigid strip footing is constructed on a normally consolidated clay layer under a uniformly distributed vertical load. The depth of footing is zero and the water table is a few metres below the surface ground. The average shear strength parameters of the clay layer are:

• At the beginning of loading: f_u = 0, c_u = 50 kPa
• Long time after loading:, f’ = 25° and c’ = 0 kPa

Will the bearing capacity of this footing change, if the water table rises to the ground surface? Briefly explain.

Note: No calculation is required. Assume the ground and the base of footing are horizontal.

A low-rise is being planned and your company provided the most advantageous bid to the owner, as a contractor in the design build partnership you have been tasked to begin working with the design team on all electrical components of the structure. Develop a list of all of the required electrical systems in the structure, assume this is a high hazard structure. Include in your check list any items that would require long lead times, special considerations (location, etc.), and any possible input from the owner, the list needs to be extensive in nature such that the design team can begin concept design from your list.

The student population of the Corona High School is 750. The school has 25 standard classrooms. Assuming a 5-day school week with solid waste pickups on Monday and Thursday, determine the lowest cost combination of waste containers required.

Assume waste is generated at a rate of 0.10 ^kg/_cap·day plus 4 kg per room per day and that the density of uncompacted solid waste is 120.0 kg/m³. Standard container sizes available and weekly rental fees are:

1.5 m³ @ $45 / wk

2.2 m³ @ $55 / wk

3.0 m³ @ $75 / wk

4.8 m³ @ $120 / wk

Select one:

a. One 4.8 cubic meter container

b. Two 2.2 cubic meter containers

c. One 1.5 cubic meter container plus one 3.0 cubic meter container

d. Two 1.5 cubic meter containers

e. One 1.5 cubic meter container plus one 2.2 cubic meter container

A rapid mixing basin is to be designed for a drinking water coagulation plant with a 5 MGD flow. The geometry of the basin is square with a depth equal to 1.5 times the width. The velocity gradient is 950 s·1 with a detention time of 25 s.

Calculate

a) The basin dimensions using minimum increments of 1"

b) The input hp required

c) The impeller speed with six flat blades employed and a baffled tank given that the impeller diameter is 50% of the basin width

A mechanically cleaned bar rack has 4.8" thick bars and 1.5" clear spaces before the bars. Given a velocity through the bars of 4 ft/s calculate the approach velocity and headless through the screens. Describe a method to trigger the mechanical cleaning operation using calculations.