An elevated floor has dimensions of 40 feet by 20 feet. Wooden joists (southern pine) span the 20-foot length and are spaced at 5 feet on center. A steel (E=29,000 ksi and allowable stress of 50 ksi) wide-flange girder spans the 40-foot length. The floor (DL) is 6” thick concrete with a 100 psf live load. Design both the timber joist and steel girder using a max l/360 for the deflection limit. Disregard safety factors and self weight of the beams. Pay close attention to units. You may use software to assist but all work must be shown. Beams are loaded in the strong direction.

Discuss why the Manning’s coefficient of roughness may be different for the same bedding material at low flows

Discuss a practical application where an engineer may design an open channel system that utilizes artificially roughened channel sections

Explain what channel conveyance is and the effects culverts and roughened channel sections have on it

In your own words describe what the Manning’s n-value is and why it is so important to identify the correct value when calculating velocity using the Manning’s equation

DISCUSSIONS:

1. Draw a typical stress-strain diagram and indicate what are meant by peak strength and residual strength .

2. What are the limitations of direct shear stress? 3.

Draw the Mohr’s circle foe failure for a direct shear stress test and mark the failure plane, a major principle plain and minor principal plain.

4. If the test is under a normal stress of 2.5 kg/cm2 , find the shear load at which the soil will fail.(Use ? found from the test).

5. State the Mohr – Cuolomb criteria for shear strength in terms of the effective stresses

6. What are the advantages of the direct shear test over the triaxial test?

A 6 meter tall concrete column 40 cm square is supporting a 4 MN compressive load. The concrete has an elastic modulus of 30 GPa, compressive strength of 28 MPa, tensile strength of 3.5 MPa and Poisson’s Ratio 0.3. The concrete is reinforced by 16 #8 W40 axial rebar (200 GPa elastic modulus, 275 MPa compressive strength), spaced 8 cm apart on each side, 8 cm from the surface of the column.

What is the compressive stress on the column?

What is the axial modulus of the reinforced concrete column?

What is the axial deflection (change in length) of the column?

What is the transverse change in dimension (change in width)?

Will this column fail? Why?

Followings are given for a watershed:

Rational method coefficient C = 0.35

Time of concentration = 60 min

Area A = 4.2 km^2

Rainfall intensity is 1.7 cm/hr

Part A: If rainfall duration is 60 min, determine the peak discharge in m^3/s.

Part B: If rainfall duration is 90 min, determine the peak discharge in m^3/s.

Between the Aerobic, Anoxic, and Anaerobic zone, which one has the lowest odor potential? and why?

What do we do with the sludge resulted from the WWT process? Can we use it to make money? How?

Do you support treated WW and Treated sludge to be used in agriculture to grow crops? Why?

Why do we need to monitor the groundwater during and after the site closure?

discuss the spring analogy for primary consolidation

A road embankment will be constructed using clayey sand from a local borrow excavation. The embankment has a volume of 100,000 cubic meters. Specifications require the soil to be compacted to at least 95 percent of the maximum dry density obtained in a Standard Proctor test (i.e., relative compaction, RC greater than or = 95%). It is estimated that the as-constructed embankment will be at an average RC of 97% since the contractor must meet or exceed this specification. Standard Proctor tests on this soil produce a maximum dry density of 17.9 kN/m3 at an optimum water content of 16 percent. The soil in its natural condition (prior to excavation) has a water content of 6 percent, degree of saturation of 20 percent,and specific gravity of solids (Gs) of 2.70. Estimate the following:

(a)Volume of soil to be excavated from the borrow area.

(b)Number of truck trips at 25 tonne/load required to move the soil, assuming it remains at its natural water content during transport (1 metric tonne=1000 kg).

(c)Volume of water required to raise the water content of the soil to its optimum value for compaction (neglect the effects of evaporation for this calculation)

1. The results of a water analysis are as follows: Ca2+ = 70 mg/L Mg2+ = 9.7 mg/L Na+ = 6.9 mg/L K + = 0.1 mg/L Cl- = 10.6 mg/L SO4 2- = 96.0 mg/L HCO3 - = 140.3 mg/L 1) Is this an acceptable analysis? Why or why not? 2) Draw a millequivalent bar graph showing meq/L for a cation and anion balance. 3) What dose of lime and soda ash would be required to treat this water to an acceptable hardness levels?

Provide examples of the following Structural conditions.

1. Give an example of stress.
2. Give an example of strain.
3. Give an example of shear.
4. Give an example of an item that has moved beyond the elastic range and become plastic.

Define and differentiate between companies’ goals and objectives. List at least three factors that support the long-term attributes of “Goals".

part 1)

if a footer is on a sandy soil with no cohesion the factors to neglect for estimating bearing capacity per unit area of foundation include (choose all that apply):

Group of answer choices

Nc

Nq

Depth of the foundation

Dimensions of the Excavation

part 2)

Drilled piles resisting uplift loads need steel reinforcement:

Group of answer choices

True

False

Question 1 a) Explain using the concept of depth changes and specific energy why Bernoulli's equation cannot be used to derive the Hydraulic Jump formula. (10) b) Derive the Hydraulic Jurnp formula starting with the conservation of momentum that states Net Pressure Force is equal to Change in Mornentum using discharge per unit width i.e. /,9Y1 = P9(it — V2) where location 1 is upstream of the jurnp and location 2 is downstream. (15)