1. A traffic signal on the four-leg signalized intersection is designed based on the information below. Please answer the following questions. The startup lost time per phase is 2.0 seconds, and the clearance lost time per phase is 1.5 seconds. The deceleration rate of the vehicles is 3.4 m/s², and the average length of the vehicles is 6.0 m. The lane width of normal lane is 3.3 m, and the turn bay width is 2.8 m. Please ignore the median width and shoulders. Assume there is no sidewalk.

1.1 Compute a displayed yellow signal of all approaches for safe operation of the intersection.

1.2 Compute an all-red signal length of all approaches for safe operation of the intersection. Assume that the number of lanes on leaving direction from the intersection is three for all. Consider the number of lanes on right side of driving direction for this problem.  

1.3 Compute the capacity of through movement of all approaches. A saturation flow rate for through movement is 1800 veh/h. If the multiple cycle lengths are available from calculation, please use the longest cycle length for all approaches to determine the capacity.

2. A flexible pavement is designed with an initial PSI of 4.5 and terminal PSI of 2.0. The subgrade soil was tested and provided CBR value of 6. The relationship between CBR and resilience modulus is given as Mr=1500*CBR. The structural number of this pavement is 4.5 and the overall standard deviation is 0.35, and the reliability is 99%. The original pavement was designed for the following daily traffic:
   • 1400 single axles with 8kips
   • 30 single axles with 40 kips
   • 200 tandem axles with 40 kips

When the axle passes of a single axle with 40 kips and a tandem axle with 40 kips increased by 40% into this highway traffic during the entire service period, how many years will be reduced in the pavement service life?

What is the role of modelling in the design process? Give three reasons why models are useful and illustrate each reason with an example.

Question 3:

Use the annual flood data (annual maximum series) in the table below to perform a flood frequency analysis using the U.S. Water Resources Council Guidelines. The map skew for this location is - 0.2

Fill out the following table

How are Construction Management tools and equipment different from Construction tools and equipment?

In the design of a multiple bay mill-type industrial building with a separate metal processing and finishing shops, what do we use, open or covered structure? Why? Explain in details.

Problem Statement:  An urban circumferential freeway is to be designed on the basis of the following information: design year average annual daily traffic, AADT = 75,000 veh/day; the estimate of the percent of traffic occurring during the peak-hour is 9%; the percent of peak-hour traffic in the heavier direction is estimated to be 55%. The traffic mixture is expected to be similar to the current mixture of 7% trucks, 3% buses and no recreational vehicles. The PHF is estimated to be 0.9. The base free-flow speed is 70 mph. If the freeway is to be built on rolling terrain with no lateral obstructions and 12-ft lanes, determine the number of lanes needed to provide a minimum LOS of B.

1) (3 pts) Describe in 1 to 3 complete sentences:

• What type of problem is this?
• Describe what you are being asked to solve for.
• Draw a diagram of the problem.

2) (3 pts) Describe, in complete sentences, the general method used for solving the type of problem identified in step a.

3) (2 pts) List all know information, translated into the appropriate variables. For example, if the problem specifies, “the initial speed is 70-mph”, you would list this as v_i=70 mph.

4) Solve the problem, explaining each step. You should explain what each step is, why you are using a particular equation, any assumptions you are making. You should split your paper in half vertically and use one side to write the solution and the other side for the explanation. An example of what I’m looking for in a setup is below.

5) (2 pts) In 1 to 2 complete sentences, provide an analysis or justification for your solution. Does the answer seem reasonable? Why or why not? Is it the right order of magnitude? Why or why not?

Explain in one paragraph each how the following changes in the business environment described are likely to impact on the organisation’s human resources requirements;

Your organisation builds roads and bridges. It relies on civil engineers to carry out the work. Having reviewed the external business environment you find that there is a shortage of qualified civil engineers in Australia.

Problem Statement:  A four-lane (two-lanes in each direction) freeway is on rolling terrain with 11-ft lanes, a 5-ft lateral clearance on right side and 3-ft lateral clearance on the left side of the traveled pavement. The measured free-flow speed is 60-mph. During the peak hour there are 12% large trucks and buses and 6% recreational vehicles. The freeway currently operates at capacity during the evening peak hour. If an additional 11-ft lane is added, and all other factors stay the same, what will the new level of service be?

1) (3 pts) Describe in 1 to 3 complete sentences:

• What type of problem is this?
• Describe what you are being asked to solve for.
• Draw a diagram of the problem.

2) (3 pts) Describe, in complete sentences, the general method used for solving the type of problem identified in step a.

3) (2 pts) List all know information, translated into the appropriate variables. For example, if the problem specifies, “the initial speed is 70-mph”, you would list this as v_i=70 mph.

4) Solve the problem, explaining each step. You should explain what each step is, why you are using a particular equation, any assumptions you are making. You should split your paper in half vertically and use one side to write the solution and the other side for the explanation. An example of what I’m looking for in a setup is below.

5) (2 pts) In 1 to 2 complete sentences, provide an analysis or justification for your solution. Does the answer seem reasonable? Why or why not? Is it the right order of magnitude? Why or why not?

An urban area consisting of four zones has the base-year trip matrix shown below.
The growth rates for the origin and destination trips have been projected for a 25 years period.
Using Fratar's techniques, calculate the number of trip interchanges in the horizon year.
Do just two iterations.

GF = Growth Factors

1. You are employed as an assistant project manager for a large firm that specializes in the construction of commercial buildings throughout the Southeast. You recently finished work on a large bank building in Birmingham, Alabama, and are now working in the main office in Atlanta where you are heavily involved in estimating.

The company is very safety conscious. This awareness is reflected in the firm’s injury incidence rate which is about 1/6th of the national average for this type of construction.

A three-day safety class was offered and you asked your supervisor whether you could participate in the course as a company representative. This request was approved. Upon your return, you circulated the notebook that you received at the class around the office for everyone to read. Your boss reviewed the notebook and called you into his office to talk. The following conversation took place:

“I see that the safety course you attended devoted a lot of time to the

subject of the direct and indirect costs of injuries,” says your boss.

You respond, “Yes, we got a lot of good information about the costs of injuries.”

Your boss says, “We always knew that injuries were costly in terms of

both direct and indirect costs. Why do you think we focus on safety so

much? Why do you think the company would pay $850 to send you to this

course?! So how much time did the class spend on indirect costs?”

You answer, “I suppose we spent about 3 hours on it.”

Your boss then says, “Well, all of this is well and good, but I don’t see how

we can use this information. I want you to sit down and think about this

stuff on direct and indirect costs. I want to know just how you think we

might be able to benefit from this. Put it in writing! Put in on one page!

Give me something we can use!”

You walk out of your boss’ office thinking about what to write. You sit down at your

desk and prepare a description for your boss.

On one page, describe how knowledge of the direct and indirect costs of worker

injuries/fatalities can be used for construction projects, especially with regard to:

1. estimating,
2. bids for future projects,
3. and productivity.

please answer the question

Safety engineering

5.4 Sustainable Engineering

(a) Discuss the origins of sustainable engineering, what it is, and why it is important.

(b) Discuss and critique one method for assessing environmentally sustainability of engineered solutions.

(c) Explain how one could estimate the social impacts of engineered options using community/stakeholder communication and consultation.

(d) Describe a general approach for estimating the economic sustainability of an engineered option.   

(e) Explain how you would evaluate a solution using a triple bottom line analysis.