Question

Choose a model (from list below), then choose a topic using that model to create an infographic that presents that topic. For example: You want to present healthy eating to a group of senior citizens. What model would best fit that group for communicating healthy eating? Using the steps of the model create an infographic for seniors on healthy eating.

• Pender’s Health Promotion Model
• Prochaska & DiClemente’s Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
• Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
• Leavell & Clark’s Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention
• Model L.W. Green’s PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

Upload to assignment dropbox.

*You may not choose Healthy Eating for Seniors as a topic

**There are a number of free infographic templates available, such as Canva.com.

Discuss why you choose the model you did for the population and topic.

Expectations

• Due: Monday, 11:59 pm PT
• Format: Infograph format
• Citations & References: at least two references (within the last 5 years) besides your text

Answer 1

Social Learning Theory (SLT)

Social learning theory is increasingly cited as an essential component of sustainable

natural resource management and the promotion of desirable behavioural change. (Muro

& Jeffrey 2008). This theory is based on the idea that we learn from our interactions

with others in a social context. Separately, by observing the behaviors of others, people

develop similar behaviors. After observing the behavior of others, people assimilate and

imitate that behavior, especially if their observational experiences are positive ones or

include rewards related to the observed behavior. According to Bandura, imitation

involves the actual reproduction of observed motor activities. (Bandura 1977)

General principles of SLT

The principles of social learning are assumed to operate in the same way throughout life.

Observational learning may take place at any age. Insofar as exposure to new influential,

powerful models who control resources may occur at life stage, new learning through

the modeling process is always possible. (Newman B.M. & P.R, 2007

SLT posits that people learn from one another, via:

 Observation;

 Imitation; and

 Modeling

Based on these general principles, learning can occur without a change in behavior. In

other words, behaviorists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change

in behavior; while in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn

through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their

performance. (Bandura, 1965). Learning may or may not result in a behavior change.

(Bandura, 2006b).

Bandura demonstrated that cognition plays a role in learning and Over the last 30 years

social learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in its interpretation of human

learning; these points supported by (Newman B.M. & P.R, 2007).

7

Behaviors learned through modeling

The people who are being observed are called models and the process of learning is

called modeling. This point supported by (Newman B.M. & P.R, 2007). Bandura’s

stated second and third stages of social learning, imitation and behavior modeling, will

occur if a person observes positive, desired outcomes in the first stage. If, for example,

an instructor attends and observes a course in-world and is entertained, informed, and

approves of the way students act, they are more likely to want to teach a course in-world

themselves. They can then use the behavior they experienced to imitate and model other

instructors’ teaching styles in-world (Bandura, 1986)

Previous studies confirmed that at least partly of many behaviors can be learned through

modeling. Some examples that can be cited on this regards are, students can watch

parents read, students can watch the demonstrations of mathematics problems, or seen

someone acting bravely and a fearful situation (Bandura, 2006a). Based on this point,

aggression can also be learned through models. Much research indicates that children

become more aggressive when they observed aggressive or violent models. From this

view, moral thinking and moral behavior are influenced by observation and modeling. In

consequence, learing includes moral judgments regarding right and wrong which can in

part, develop through modeling.

Citations (21)

References (24)

• ... Sosyal öğrenme teorisi, giderek artan doğal kaynak yönetimi ve arzu edilen davranışsal değişimin teşvik edilmesi için temel bir bileşen olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu teori, insanların sosyal bağlamda başkalarıyla olan etkileşimlerinden öğrendikleri fikrine dayanmaktadır (Nabavi, 2012). Sosyal öğrenme teorisi insan davranışını bilişsel, davranışsal ve çevresel belirleyiciler arasında sürekli bir karşılıklı etkileşim süreci olarak açıklar. ...

  ... Bu bağlamda modelleme işlemi her zaman mümkün olabilmektedir. Sosyal öğrenme teorisi insanların birbirlerinden gözlem, imitasyon (taklit) ve modelleme yoluyla öğrendiklerini ifade etmektedir (Nabavi, 2012). Bandura'nın Sosyal Öğrenme Teorisi (1977), öz yeterlik kavramını da ortaya atmıştır. ...

  AKADEMİDE PYGMALION ETKİSİ

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• ... The cascade model has often been utilized in the country whenever need for teachers' continuing professional development (TCPD argued that the cascade model of training has shown an enormous potential to train a lot of teachers in a little period of time through CPD. Therefore, many theories such as the theory of transfer of learning and experiential learning theory, constructivism, and action theory surrounding the present research, the researchers have framed in social theory (Bandura, 1977;Razieh, 2016) in a way that trainees should learn from their trainers how they would also train their colleagues and workmates. This theory emphasises observation of the environment we are in and learning from each other in order to increase self-updates and needed skills. ...

  TRAINING STRATEGIES USED IN STRAIGHTENING COMPETENCE-BASED CURRICULUM IN RWANDA

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• ... Furthermore, self-efficacy can be found at the center of SCLT and it means that the belief of a person that they can do a task to their ability and capacity. [4]. Individuals have beliefs in their own self-efficacy that influences whether or not they will reproduce an observed behavior. ...

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• ... The cascade model has often been utilized in the country whenever need for teachers' continuing professional development (TCPD argued that the cascade model of training has shown an enormous potential to train a lot of teachers in a little period of time through CPD. Therefore, many theories such as the theory of transfer of learning and experiential learning theory, constructivism, and action theory surrounding the present research, the researchers have framed in social theory (Bandura, 1977;Razieh, 2016) in a way that trainees should learn from their trainers how they would also train their colleagues and workmates. This theory emphasises observation of the environment we are in and learning from each other in order to increase self-updates and needed skills. ...

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• ... This paper finds footing in Bandura's social learning theory which advocates that people learn as a result of their interaction within a social context. Nabavi (2012) notes that, by separately observing the behaviours of others, assimilation of behaviour observed is activated in the individual thus leading to learned behaviour especially if the observed behaviour is accompanied with reward. To Bandura, imitation is the actual reproduction of the observed behaviour. ...

  Behaviors learned through modeling

  The people who are being observed are called models and the process of learning is

  called modeling. This point supported by (Newman B.M. & P.R, 2007). Bandura’s

  stated second and third stages of social learning, imitation and behavior modeling, will

  occur if a person observes positive, desired outcomes in the first stage. If, for example,

  an instructor attends and observes a course in-world and is entertained, informed, and

  approves of the way students act, they are more likely to want to teach a course in-world

  themselves. perienced to imitate and model other

• instructors’ teaching styles in-world (Bandura, 1986)