Question

both prevalence and incident rates are calculated from numerators and denominators and apply to a specific time period. Accuracy for the numerators and denominators is critical. please identify the measurements issues associated with numerators, denominators, and time period

Answer 1

Answer :- Denominators:- (The population from which the numerator was dervied

e.g :- Total number of people in the population at risk

Issues with Denominators:-

1). Sample representativeness and selection bias

2). Poorly characterised reference population

3). Inconsistent Denominator

All surveillance data have challenges that may leads to samples that do not present the population from which they are drawn.

Numerators :-

(The upper part of fractions)

[ The feature which has been counted]

For e.g :- No. of people who have affected

Major issues:-

1). Miscount of affected peoples

2). Absence of affected populations in specific area

Time period Issues:-

1) . Determinants

2). Unable to complete study in specific time periods

3). Soical and cultural bias not able to take data in given time peri

Prevalence rate :-

All new and prexisting cases of a specific disease during a given time period . Divided by Total population durning same time period multiply by 10 .

Incidence rate :-

Total number of new cases of a specific disease durning given time period Divided by Total population at risk durning the same time period.