Question

mod 8

A) Illustrate the following fallacies with examples, and explain why they are considered fallacies of relevance: fallacious appeal to popularity (or the bandwagon fallacy, or the ad populam fallacy), guilty by association, tu quoque (or the you too fallacy).

B) Illustrate the following fallacies with examples, and explain why they are considered fallacies of relevance: fallacious appeal to fear (or the ad baculum fallacy), fallacious appeal to ignorance (or the ad ignorantiam fallacy), fallacious appeal to pity (or the ad misericordiam fallacy), fallacious appeal to tradition.

Answer 1

Fallacies of relevance are characterized by premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion. However, the premises may appear to be psychologically or emotionally relevant to the conclusion.

• Appeal to popularity: Appeal to popularity fallacy concludes that something is the right or correct thing to do because a lot of people agree with doing it. For example, "You definitely need to buy that new iPhone. Everyone has them nowadays."
• Guity by association: In this fallacy, conclusions are based solely on whether an individual likes or dislikes the person or people who have put forth the argument. For instance, Jake believes in strict immigration laws. But when he hears that Donald Trump advocates the same, he changes his view because he doesn't want to believe in the same thing as Donald Trump.
• Tu quoque: The tu quoque fallacy involves makes conclusions about a person by focusing on their past words or actions instead of the veracity of their current claims. For instance, "You should not be giving advice to your children about the dangers of drug use because you experimented with drugs while in college."

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four subparts of the same question.