Question

Discuss and give examples of each of Kohlbergs stage of moral reasoning. Contrast the difference between the effects of authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles on an individual’s development of moral reasoning.

Please elaborate, thank you

Answer 1

Kohlberg recognized three distinct levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Each level has two sub-stages.

Level 1- Pre-conventional

At the pre-conventional level (most nine-year-olds and more youthful, a few over nine), we don’t have a personal code of morality. Instep, our ethical code is formed by the standards of adults and the results of taking after or breaking their rules.

• Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation. The child/individual is nice in order to maintain a strategic distance from being punished. In the event that a individual is punished, they must have done wrong.

• Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange. At this stage, children recognize that there's not fair one right see that's given down by the specialists. Distinctive people have diverse perspectives.

Level 2 - Conventional morality

At the conventional level (most teenagers and grown-ups), we start to internalize the moral measures of esteemed adult part models. Authority is internalized but not addressed, and thinking is based on the standards of the gather to which the individual has a place.

• Stage 3. Great Interpersonal Relationships. The child/individual is good in order to be seen as being a great individual by others. Hence, answers relate to the approval of others.

• Stage 4. Keeping up the Social Order. The child/individual gets to be mindful of the more extensive rules of society, so judgments concern complying the rules in arrange to maintain the law and to maintain a strategic distance from guilt.

Level 3 - Post-conventional morality

Individual judgment is based on self-chosen standards, and moral reasoning is based on person rights and equity. Agreeing to Kohlberg this level of ethical thinking is as distant as most individuals get. Only 10-15% are competent of the kind of abstract thinking necessary for stage 5 or 6 (post-conventional profound quality). That's to say, most individuals take their moral views from those around them and as it were a minority think through moral standards for themselves.

• Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights. The child/individual gets to be mindful that whereas rules/laws might exist for the great of the most prominent number, there are times when they will work against the intrigued of specific people.

• Stage 6. Universal Principles. Individuals at this stage have created their claim set of ethical rules which may or may not fit the law. The standards apply to everyone. E.g., human rights, equity, and correspondence. The individual will be prepared to act to protect these standards indeed in case it implies going against the rest of society within the handle and having to pay the results of objection and or detainment. Kohlberg questioned few individuals come to this stage.

So while they have similar-looking names, there's a enormous distinction between authoritative and authoritarian child rearing. Authoritative parents aren't fair attempting to uphold compliance. They recognize and energize a child's sense of independence. They need kids to create self-discipline, development, and a regard for others.

Authoritative guardians tend to concur with articulations like these:

1. I take my child's wishes and sentiments into thought some time recently I inquire her to do something
2. I empower my child to conversation approximately his feelings .
3. I attempt to help when my child is frightened or upset
4. I give my child with reasons for the expectations I have for her
5. I regard my child's conclusion and encourage him or her to precise them...even in case they are distinctive from my possess.