Question

Endless Mountain Company manufactures a single product that is popular with outdoor recreation enthusiasts. The company sells its product to retailers throughout the northeastern quadrant of the United States. It is in the process of creating a master budget for 2022 and reports a balance sheet at December 31, 2021 as follows:

Endless Mountain Company
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	46,200
Accounts receivable (net)		260,000
Raw materials inventory (4,500 yards)		11,250
Finished goods inventory (1,500 units)		32,250
Total current assets				$	349,700
Plant and equipment:
Buildings and equipment		900,000
Accumulated depreciation		(292,000	)
Plant and equipment, net					608,000
Total assets				$	957,700
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable				$	158,000
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	$	419,800
Retained earnings		379,900
Total stockholders’ equity					799,700
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity				$	957,700

The company’s chief financial officer (CFO), in consultation with various managers across the organization has developed the following set of assumptions to help create the 2022 budget:

1. The budgeted unit sales are 12,000 units, 37,000 units, 15,000 units, and 25,000 units for quarters 1-4, respectively. Notice that the company experiences peak sales in the second and fourth quarters. The budgeted selling price for the year is $32 per unit. The budgeted unit sales for the first quarter of 2023 is 13,000 units.
2. All sales are on credit. Uncollectible accounts are negligible and can be ignored. Seventy-five percent of all credit sales are collected in the quarter of the sale and 25% are collected in the subsequent quarter.
3. Each quarter’s ending finished goods inventory should equal 15% of the next quarter’s unit sales.
4. Each unit of finished goods requires 3.5 yards of raw material that costs $3.00 per yard. Each quarter’s ending raw materials inventory should equal 10% of the next quarter’s production needs. The estimated ending raw materials inventory on December 31, 2022 is 5,000 yards.
5. Seventy percent of each quarter’s purchases are paid for in the quarter of purchase. The remaining 30% of each quarter’s purchases are paid in the following quarter.
6. Direct laborers are paid $18 an hour and each unit of finished goods requires 0.25 direct labor-hours to complete. All direct labor costs are paid in the quarter incurred.
7. The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour is $3.00. The quarterly fixed manufacturing overhead is $150,000 including $20,000 of depreciation on equipment. The number of direct labor-hours is used as the allocation base for the budgeted plantwide overhead rate. All overhead costs (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.
8. The budgeted variable selling and administrative expense is $1.25 per unit sold. The fixed selling and administrative expenses per quarter include advertising ($25,000), executive salaries ($64,000), insurance ($12,000), property tax ($8,000), and depreciation expense ($8,000). All selling and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation) are paid in the quarter incurred.
9. The company plans to maintain a minimum cash balance at the end of each quarter of $30,000. Assume that any borrowings take place on the first day of the quarter. To the extent possible, the company will repay principal and interest on any borrowings on the last day of the fourth quarter. The company’s lender imposes a simple interest rate of 3% per quarter on any borrowings.
10. Dividends of $15,000 will be declared and paid in each quarter.
11. The company uses a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory flow assumption. This means that the most recently purchased raw materials are the “first-out” to production and the most recently completed finished goods are the “first-out” to customers.

    1. Calculate the following budgeted figures for 2022:

    a. The total fixed cost.

    b. The variable cost per unit sold.

    c. The contribution margin per unit sold.

    d. The break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

    e. The margin of safety.

    f. The degree of operating leverage

    2. Prepare a budgeted variable costing income statement for 2022. Stop your computations at net operating income.

Answer 1

a. Total Fixed Costs per year = $150000*4+(25000+64000+12000+8000+8000)*4 = $1068000

b. Total Variable Cost per unit = $3*3.5+18*0.25+3*0.25+1.25 = $17

c. Contribution margin per unit = Selling Price - Variable Cost per unit= $32 - $17 = $15 per unit

d. Unit sales to breakeven = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per unit= $1068000 / $15 = 71200 units

Dollar sales to breakeven = 71200 x $32 = $2278400

e.
Margin of Safety = (Current Sales - Break even Sales) / Current Sales x 100
= ($2848000-2278400) / 2848000 = 20%
in Dollars = $2848000 - 2278400 = $569600

f.

Contribution margin	$    1,335,000
Fixed Costs	$    1,068,000
Net Operating Income	$       267,000

Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin / Net Operating Income
= $1335000 / 267000 = 5 times

Units to be sold =12000+37000+15000+25000 = 89000

Variable Costing Income Statement
Sales Revenue		$       2,848,000	=89000*32
Variable Expenses :
Direct material	$       934,500		=89000*3.5*3
Direct labor	$       400,500		=89000*0.25*18
Manufacturing Overhead	$          66,750		=89000*0.25*3
Selling and administrative expense	$       111,250		=89000*1.25
Total variable Expenses		$       1,513,000
Contribution Margin		$       1,335,000
Fixed Expenses
Manufacturing Overhead	$       600,000
Selling and administrative expense	$       468,000		=25000+64000+12000+8000+8000
Total Fixed Expenses		$ 1,068,000
Net Operating Income		$ 267,000