Question

1. What accounts for the unusual properties of the heart of a shrew? In other words, why is the shrew’s heart unusually large with an unusually slow heart rate?
2. What are the three general components of a circulatory system? Describe the functions of a cardiovascular system.
3. What are the limitations of Diffusion?
4. Describe the 3 main types of pumping structures in animal circulatory systems?
5. Distinguish between open and closed circulatory systems. Is the distinction between open and closed circulatory systems always clear? Distinguish among interstitial fluids, blood, lymph, and hemolymph.
6. Compare and contrast hemocytes found in insects and vertebrates.
7. Describe composition and functions of plasma?
8. Describe functions of the five types of leukocytes?
9. Describe the structure and function of erythrocytes?
10. Describe the structure and function of platelets?
11. How do sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms manage without a circulatory system?
12. Describe the circulatory system of an oligochaete?
13. Compare and contrast the circulatory system of a bivalve and a cephalopod?
14. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the circulatory systems of a branchiopod crustacean and a decapod crustacean?
15. Describe the five common features of crustacean heart?
16. How is the hear of Daphnia magnus different than the typical crustacean heart?
17. Describe the structure and function of the insect circulatory system.
18. Do all animals have a circulatory system? (explain)
19. Closed circulatory systems are usually found in high active organisms with high demands for oxygen or in those living in oxygen limited environments. What is the main exception to this general rule? (explain)

Answer 1

The other major difference between Open and Closed Circulatory System are summarized below:

Open Circulatory System	Closed Circulatory System
The hemolymph directly bathes the organs and tissues.	The blood circulates within closed vessels.
The blood and interstitial fluid cannot be distinguished.	Blood and interstitial fluid are distinct.
Present in molluscs and arthropods.	Present in annelids and vertebrates.
Blood is pumped into the body cavity.	Blood is pumped through the vessels by the heart.
Dorsal blood vessel present.	Dorsal and ventral blood vessels present.
Capillary system is absent.	Capillary system found.
Blood is in direct contact with the tissues.	Blood is not in direct contact with the tissues.
Nutrients are exchanged directly between blood and tissues.	The nutrients are exchanged via tissue fluid.
No transport of gases.	Gases are transported.
The fluid flowing in this system is called hemolymph.	Fluid flowing in this system is called blood.
No respiratory pigments are present.	Respiratory pigments are present.
The volume of blood cannot be controlled.	Volume of blood can be controlled by contraction ad relaxation of blood vessels.
Blood flow is slow.	Blood flow is rapid.
The open spaces are called sinuses and lacunae.	Closed spaces involve arteries and veins.

[As per rule- answer the first 4sub part , unless the student has asked for specific subpart(s) to be answered ]