Question

Question 1.

1. Differentiate between computer organization and computer architecture.
2. State computer evolution and its various generations.
3. Differentiate between general purpose and special purpose computers.
4. Which computer can be truly named as the first general-purpose computer?

Question 2.

1. Differentiate the high level, assembly, and machine-level languages.
2. How compilers are different from interpreters?
3. Write a brief note on system software and how it is different from application software?
4. Write a brief note on Mnemonic and registers.

Question 3.

1. Briefly explain the function of ALU?
2. Explain the Von Neumann architecture model.

Question 4.

1. Explain Annulment and Idempotent laws with truth tables.
2. Briefly explain logic gates and state various gates used in digital logic design.
3. Explain Exclusive-OR gate with truth table.
4. Explain Two’s Complement

Answer 1

ANSWER 1:-

Differentiate between computer organization and computer architecture.

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE	COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
It describe what the computer does.	It describes how it does it.
Computer Architecture deals with functional behavior of computer system.	Computer Organization deals with structural relationship
Architecture indicates its hardware.	Organization indicates its performance.
Computer Architecture consists of logical functions like instruction sets, registers, data types and addressing modes.	Computer Organization consists of physical units like circuit designs, peripherals and adders.

State computer evolution and its various generations.

First modern computers created in 1930s which was followed by large machinery.In 60's,computers evolved from professional use to personal use, as the first personal computer was introduced to the public.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

• First generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.
• Second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.
• Third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.
• Fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.
• Fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based.

Differentiate between general purpose and special purpose computers.

General-purpose	Special-purpose
Designed to produce variety of tasks.	Designed for a specific application
More versatile	Less versatile.
Comparatively slower than special purpose computer.	Comparatively faster than general purpose computer.

Which computer can be truly named as the first general-purpose computer?

ENIAC

The first General-Purpose Electronic Computer.It was designed and build by John Mauchly and J. Presber Eckert in 1945.

ANSWER 2.

  Differentiate the high level, assembly, and machine-level languages.

  

MACHINE LANGUAGE	ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE	HIGH LEVEL
Machine language is only understand by the computers.	Assembly language is only understand by human beings not by the computers.	High level language is only understand by human beings not by the computers.
Most efficient in computer.	More efficient than high level and less efficient than high level.	Due to long executable code, high-level programs are less efficient.
There is no need of translator.The machine understandable form is the machine language.	Assembler is used as translator to convert mnemonics into machine understandable form.	High-level language code is first automatically converted into assembly code.
Machine language	ARM, MIPS	Python,Java

How compilers are different from interpreters?

Compilers scans entire program and translates it into machine code at once.Interpreter translates just one statement of the program at a time into machine code.Interpreter takes less time to analyze the source code.

Write a brief note on system software and how it is different from application software?

System software is software that provide platform to other softwares.System softwares consists of programs in low-level languages that is used to interact with the hardware at a very basic level.Some examples can be operating systems, antivirus softwares.

System software is meant to administer the system resources, application softwares are meant to enable the user to carry out some specific set of tasks or functions.

Write a brief note on Mnemonic and registers

Mnemonic:-A mnenonic device is any learning device that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory.It uses elaborative encoding, retrieval cues, and imagery as tools to encode for efficient storage and retrieval.

Registers:-A type of computer memory that is used to quickly accept,store and transfer data and instructions that are used  immediately by CPU.

ANSWER 3:-

  Briefly explain the function of ALU?

An ALU(arithmetic logic unit) is digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations.ALU represent the fundamental building block of CPU of computer .Modern ALUs are very comlex and powerful.After information is processed by ALU it is send to computers memory.

  

Explain the Von Neumann architecture model

   It consisted of a Control Unit, Arithmetic, and Logical Memory Unit (ALU), Registers and Inputs/Outputs.Von Neumann architecture is based on the stored-program computer concept, in which instruction data and program data are stored in same memory. This design is still used in most computers produced today.

ANSWER 4:-

  Explain Annulment and Idempotent laws with truth tables

Annulment law:A.0 = 0

A + 1 = 1

Truth table Annulment law

A	A.0	A+1
0	0	1
1	0	1

  Idempotent laws:-A + A = A
A.A = A

Truth table of Idempotent laws

A	A	A+A	A.A
0	0	0	0
1	1	1	1

Briefly explain logic gates and state various gates used in digital logic design

In any digital system logic gates are basic building blocks.Logic gates have one or more than one input and only one output.The relationship between input and output is based on a certain logic.

Various gates used in digital logic design

AND Gate,OR Gate,NOT Gate,NAND Gate,NOR Gate,XOR Gate,XNOR Gate.

Explain Exclusive-OR gate with truth table.

Exclusive-OR or XOR is a special gate.It can be used in half adder,full adder and subtractor.It outputs true only when inputs differ (one is true, the other is false).

Truth table of XOR:-

A	B	A XOR B
0	0	0
0	1	1
1	0	1
1	1	0

Explain Two’s Complement:-

Two's complement is mathematical operation on binary numbers.

  To get 2’s complement of Binary number is 1’s complement of number plus 1 to the least significant bit (LSB). For example- 2’s complement of binary number 10010 is (01101) + 1 = 01110.