Question

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Topic: Thermodynamics. Give your own thorough AND detailed explanation of the Ideal Gas Law, and then give a thorough explanation of ALL of the Laws of Thermodynamics.  Additionally, give a real life example of how the laws come into play. Make sure this is in your own words and is a very in-depth and detailed explanation.

Answer 1

PV = nRT is the ideal gas law

Ideal gas is gas , the molecules of which occupy negligible volume compared to the volume they are confined to. The molecules have elastic collisions between them and intermolecular attaractive forces are negligible.

P = Pressure of gas , n= number of moles of gas ,R = Gas constant , T = Absolute temperature of Gas

This law combines Boyel's Law and Charles Law

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1st Law of Thermodynamics

It is a statement of conservation of Energy.- Energy can change form but can not be created or destroyed

It states that the change in Internal Energy of any system is equal to the difference of Heat added to system and Work done by the system.

dU = Q - W  

Example Ice melting - Heat Q is absorbed  from Sorroundings and used to melt ice thus increasing Internal Energy of ice

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2nd Law of Thermodynamics

2nd law defines the direction in which heat transfer takes place.

Kelvin-Plank Statement of 2nd law:

If have a hot body and we extract heat Qh from it and try to convert it entirely to work , we will find this impossible. Some heat has to be given up to a cold body and only left over heat can be converted to Work.

Classius Clayperion Statement of 2nd Law:

It is impossible for any cyclical machine to produce no other effect than to convey heat from a cold body to a body at higher temperature. We note first law does not preclude this . So we need to do some work on the system to make it work like refrigerator.

Example of 2nd Law :

Car engine has an Exhaust through which some heat is let out and is lost . Rest of the heat only makes car engine work.