Question

 Ethical practice is very important, not just in research, but

 professional practice as well.

 Because of this, ethical conduct in clinical practice holds this

 principle as preeminent, just as it is in the research realm:

 Select one:

 a. Safeguarding client welfare

 b. Competent clinical conduct

 C. Responsibility to the public x

 d. Responsibility to the profession

Answer 1

answer.a)safeguarding client welfare

Psychologists conduct research competently and with due concern for the dignity and welfare of the participants.Individuals should be treated with respect from the time they are approached for possible participation—even if they refuse enrollment in a study—throughout their participation and after their participation ends. This includes:

1. Respecting their privacy and keeping their private information confidential.
2. Respecting their right to change their mind, to decide that the research does not match their interests, and to withdraw without penalty.
3. Informing them of new information that might emerge in the course of research, which might change their assessment of the risks and benefits of participating.
4. Monitoring their welfare and, if they experience adverse reactions, untoward events, or changes in clinical status, ensuring appropriate treatment and, when necessary, removal from the study.
5. Informing them about what was learned from the research. Most researchers do a good job of monitoring the volunteers’ welfare and making sure they are okay. They are not always so good about distributing the study results.

Every research study is designed to answer a specific question. Answering certain questions will have significant value for society or for present or future patients with a particular illness. An answer to the research question should be important or valuable enough to justify asking people to accept some risk or inconvenience for others. In other words, answers to the research question should contribute to scientific understanding of health or improve our ways of preventing, treating, or caring for people with a given disease. Only if society will gain useful knowledge — which requires sharing results, both negative and positive — can exposing human subjects to the risk and burden of research be justified.

The goal of clinical research is to develop generalizable knowledge that improves human health or increases understanding of human biology. People who participate in clinical research make it possible to secure that knowledge. The path to finding out if a new drug or treatment is safe or effective, for example, is to test it on patient volunteers. But by placing some people at risk of harm for the good of others, clinical research has the potential to exploit patient volunteers. The purpose of ethical guidelines is both to protect patient volunteers and to preserve the integrity of the science.