Define RNA-based mechanisms in simple language.

Define RNA-based mechanisms in simple language.

Expert Solution

RNA-based mechanisms:

The three main types of RNA are - mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.

Roles:

mRNA: Genes are copied to codons on mRNA which are then used by ribosomes to make proteins.

rRNA: rRNA is essential in making ribosomes.

tRNA: These types of RNAs are used to transfer amino acids to translation machinery on ribosomes to build proteins.

RNA-Based Mechanisms:

There is evidence that noncoding RNAs and the RNA interference machinery are fundamental determinants of chromatin-based gene expression.

In mammalian systems, the role of XIST RNA in X chromosome inactivation, Air RNA at the murine imprinted Igf2r locus, and these examples importantly involve coordinated epigenetic activities including DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications.

In contrast, micro-RNAs and short interfering (si)RNAs, ? 21 to 26 nucleotide small RNA species, are well-known mediators of cytoplasmic, posttranscriptional gene silencing as components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).

Micro-RNAs are derived from nuclear transcripts with characteristic stem–loop structures and transported to the cytoplasm.

Alternatively, siRNAs are derived from long double-stranded RNA precursors delivered exogenously to cells or that arise naturally within cells.

Exogenously administered siRNAs directed at promoter regions can effectuate transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells by inducing site-specific DNA methylation and repressive histone posttranslational modifications.

Given that at least 15% to 20% of mouse and human genes, respectively, demonstrate cis-encoded natural antisense transcripts, it is anticipated that RNA-based mechanisms will have far-reaching influence in the regulation of mammalian gene expression.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

Recent trends in managing environmental issues are favoring a market-based mechanisms model. Define “market-based mechanisms” and...

Recent trends in managing environmental issues are favoring a market-based mechanisms model. Define “market-based mechanisms” and the approach known as “cap-and-trade.” In your opinion, is this a good approach to managing environmental issues? Why or why not?

Compare the proofreading mechanisms of DNA and RNA polymerase. Specifically, which active site is required for...

Compare the proofreading mechanisms of DNA and RNA polymerase. Specifically, which active site is required for proofreading by each enzyme and what are the products of this activity?

Find a web-based system with simple functions that you are familiar with, use natural language to describe the customer’s requirements.

Experiment 1Find a web-based system with simple functions that you are familiar with, use natural language to describe the customer’s requirements.User requirements are statements, in natural language plus diagrams, of the services the system provides and its operational constraints. They are written for customers. Requirements elicitation, sometimes called requirements discovery, involves technical staff working with customers to find out about the application domain, the services that the system should provide and the system’s operational constraints. Interviewing and Ethnography are two...

Transcription: From DNA to RNA 1. Define a gene. 2. How does RNA differ from DNA?...

Transcription: From DNA to RNA 1. Define a gene. 2. How does RNA differ from DNA? 3. Briefly describe the process of transcription. 4. Describe the process of transcription as it occurs in prokaryotes. 5. What is the role of the promoter? 6. Describe the process of transcription as it occurs in eukaryotes. 7. What is the role of the transcription factors? A mutation exists in transcription factors that causes them to bind slightly downstream of the TATA box, causing...

Compare and contrast the accuracy of: DNA replication RNA synthesis Protein synthesis What mechanisms are used...

Compare and contrast the accuracy of: DNA replication RNA synthesis Protein synthesis What mechanisms are used to ensure the fidelity of each of these processes? in writing no diagrams or pictures

Write a simple shell in C language and show some outputs.

C language and it has to be a while loop or a for loop. Use simple...

C language and it has to be a while loop or a for loop. Use simple short comments to walk through your code. Use indentations to make your code visibly clear and easy to follow. Make the output display of your program visually appealing. There is 10 points deduction for not following proper submission structure. An integer n is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. Develop a program that: Would read an input...

Define and write a sentence? What are the important mechanisms by which atoms are bonded?

Write the simple shell in C language. Please show some outputs.

question is : translate all of the bold faced medical terms into simple language as if...

question is : translate all of the bold faced medical terms into simple language as if you are explaining it to a patient or to someone who may not understand medical terminology and incorporate these simple translations into your story. Laura had just recently recovered from an automobile accident in which she incurred numerous injuries including greenstick fractures of her left femur, a slipped femoral capital epiphysis, subluxation of the pubic symphysis, chondromalacia patellae, and compound fractures of the tibia,...

Question