Question

1. A 40-year-old female had hypertension and anuria. Lab results revealed normal blood glucose and electrolyte levels. Urinalysis did not detect glycosuria. Patient had an excessive high level of the following hormone:

a. Antidiuretic Hormone

b. Aldosterone

c. Erythropoietin

d. Insulin

e. None of the Above

2. Patient in question #1 had the following disorder:

a. Diabetes Insipidus

b. Diabetes Mellitus

c. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

d. Hyperaldosteronism (Excessive Secretion of Aldosterone)

e. Hypoaldosteronism (Decreased Secretion of Aldosterone)

Answer 1

Question 1:

A 40-year-old female had hypertension and anuria. Lab results revealed normal blood glucose and electrolyte levels. Urinalysis did not detect glycosuria. Patient had an excessive high level of the following hormone:

Answer:

b. Aldosterone

Explanation:

As the lab results of the patient revealed normal blood glucose and electrolyte levels and urinalysis did not detect glycosuria it had normal level of insulin. It happens because insulin controls blood glucose level. Erythropoietin controls the production of red blood cells (RBCs) by stimulating the bone marrow. As, the patient does not have any problem in blood count it had normal level of erythropoietin. Antidiuretic Hormone controls blood water concentration and water re-absorption. High water concentration in blood leads to low level of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and can increase blood pressure i.e., hypertension. But excessive high level of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) does not lead to hypertension and anuria. Thus, option ‘a’, ‘c’, ‘d’ and ‘e’ are not correct.

Aldosterone affects blood pressure by controlling the width of the arteries and by determining how much water and salt is moved out of the body. An excessive high level of the aldosterone leads the kidneys to retain too much sodium and water, which increases blood pressure. So, the patient had an excessive high level of the following hormone: Aldosterone. Thus, option ‘b’ is correct.

Question 2:

Patient in question #1 had the following disorder:

Answer:

d. Hyperaldosteronism (Excessive Secretion of Aldosterone)

Explanation:

The patient had an excessive high level of the Aldosterone which leads to the disorder Hyperaldosteronism (Excessive Secretion of Aldosterone). So, the patient in question #1 had the following disorder: Hyperaldosteronism (Excessive Secretion of Aldosterone). Thus, option ‘d’ is correct.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is related to the disorder Diabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone and as the patient had normal level of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) she had not have these disorders. Insulin is related to the disorder Diabetes Mellitus and as the patient had normal level of Insulin she had not have these disorder. As, the patient had high level of Alodosterone it had the disorder Hyperaldosteronism (Excessive Secretion of Aldosterone) not Hypoaldosteronism (Decreased Secretion of Aldosterone). Thus, option ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ and ‘e’ are not correct.