In: Biology
List, describe (IN DETAIL), and provide examples for the four types of mutations.
Mutations are changes in DNA which may or may not affect the phenotype of the organism carrying it. They can occur in either somatic cell or in the germline cell of the organism.
There are two types of mutations, point mutations and frameshift mutations.
Point mutations are those which are caused due to to change in the single nucleotide of DNA. They are of three types -
Nonsense mutation in which the change in single nucleotide results in the formation of a stop codon. This leads to premature termination of translation and formation of truncated peptide.
Missense mutation in which the change in single nucleotide changes the amino acid also. This results in the formation of protein with slightly changed function and structure.
Silent mutation in which that nucleotides changes but the amino acid does not change. This results in the formation of normal protein because amino acid has not changed.
Frameshift mutations are those which are caused due to insertion or deletion of nucleotides in DNA. They are more devastating then point mutations. This is because they attend to change the complete the sequence of amino acid. This results in the complete change in structure and function of protein.
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