Question

Q # 2: Who was Albert Hofmann and what is the Harvard Psilocybin Project?

Q # 3: What is the relationship between LSD and serotonin?

Q # 4: Describe the effects of hallucinogens on different parts of the brain.

Q # 5: Define and describe the following terms: true hallucination, pseudo-hallucinations, trips, good trips, bad trips, synesthesia, and hypersuggestibility.

Answer 1

2) Albert Hofmann was a swiss Scientist. He was born in the year 1906 in Switzerland.He is well known for Discovering the Psychedelic Drug which was Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD).Not only that in the year 1958 he had synthesized Psilocybin and Psilocoin which was the Hallucinogenic Compounds.After doing so many reseaches he had discovered his another compound ''Morning Glory" what was similar to LSD.

Harvard Psilocybin Project were psychedelic experiements. This experiment was done by Dr Timothy Leary and Dr Richard Alpert.This experiment was conducted for discovering the psychedelics.This experiements had began experimenting the effect of strong and powerful drugs like LSD.Not only that this project also had discovered that psychedelic drugs can be very much effective in the transformation of human's personality.These serveral experiments had found hallucinogenic components in Mushroom.

3) LSD connects with the brain's Neural functions that is using the Neurotransmitter Serotonin.According to studies, LSD mimics the Serotonin and when a drug like LSD mimics Serotonin on the brain, our body starts to rely with that drug. Not only that LSD can even activate the Serotonin recepters and sometimes extra releases of serotonin is the effect of LSD.

So we can conclude that our body starts rely when the LSD starts connecting with the Brain's chamical Serotonin. There is major relationship between Serotonin's activation and LSD's functioning.

4) Hallucinogens such as PCP, Psilocybin have some major effects on our body and brain.

Effects in the Brain

Serotonin-

Some neurotransmitters such as Serotonin helps to control many kinds of brain's function which has some strong effects on our mood, personality and behaviors.

Hallucinogens can be the cause of over secretion of Serotonin. So we can say that Hallucinogens can highly affect the neurotransmitters of the brain.

Glutamate

Glutamate is another neurotransmitter which also plays an important role in brain's functioning. Some brain's function like Memory, Perception and learning are highly associated with the function of Glutamate.

Hallucinogens can block the reception of Glutamate. So for this kind of blocking these brain's functions can be damaged.

Brain's Communication System

Hallucinogens can affect the brain's communication system. Some hallucinogens like LSD can activate neurons and also can block the way neurons basically sends and receives information. So for these kind of hallucinogens someone can lose the body sensation and other feelings.

5) True Hallucination

True Hallucination is kind of perception or sensation that a person can feels the presence of an external stimulus.In this kind of hallucination a person can be shocked while she or he is hallucinating. The patient's different senses can stop working in this kind of situation. True hallucination can be meaningful for the person who had experienced it. According to psychologists, if there is an external factor or reason for the hallucination, then it can be considered as the True Hallucination.

As example- A person who is experiencing a true hallucination can feels an another person's presence. But no else can feels it. This is an example of true hallucination.

Pseudo- Hallucinations

If hallucination is occuring without any external reason then it can be considered as the Pseudo- Hallucination.It is a an involuntary experience that is strong enough to make person hallucinatin. This term is commonly used in the psychological field. It can occur in people as visual loss.

Trips

A trip is a effect of Intoxication for taking a large amount of hallucinogens.In the trip, our perception can be changed dramatically. The nature of the trip like it is a bad trip or good trip completely depending on the experiences a person have for taking Hallucinogens. So we can say that a trip is a after effect of taking a drug.

Good Trips

A good trip is a pleasant experience for taking drugs. When a person feels good after taking hallucinogens, it is considered as the good trip.

As example

A man feels like a king after taking hallucinogens.

Bad Trip

A bad trip is an unpleasant experience after taking a drug. In case if a person lose his self*-control after taking a drug like LSD. It can be a example of Bad trip. So we can say that bad trip is associated with a bad experience.

As example

a person can harm another person for taking hallucinogens.

Synethesia

A sysnethesia is a phase where a person can sense one or more additional senses. After taking a high amount of drugs a person can feels a perception or sensation of additional senses it is considered as condition of Synethesia.

As example

A person can feels two or more sensation in one time.

Hypersuggestibility

Hypersuggestibility is a term which is generally used to define a drowsy state. It is also an effect of taking high amount of Hallucinogens like LSD. In this state information is randomly absorbed in our subconscious mind. In this phase a person can accept any kind of verbal suggesitons .