Describe 3 mechanism by which the calcium increase from high-frequency stimulation can lead to a strengthened...

Describe 3 mechanism by which the calcium increase from high-frequency stimulation can lead to a strengthened synapse.

Expert Solution

Calcium increased from the high-frequency stimulation leads to strengthened synapses due to the phenomenon of ' Long-term potentiation'(LTP) induced by it. There are different mechanisms by which calcium leadz to it:

Binding to CaMKII - Increase in the Calcium amplitude leads to the activation of calmodulin by binding to Calmodulin-kinase II (CaMKII). This stimulates a series of the phosphorylation reactions, leading to the activation of several signal transduction molecules and hence, the long-term potentiation.

AMPA-receptor delivery - Due to the Calcium influx from NMDA receptors, the protein kinase CaMKII gets activated, which acts by stimulating the delivery of AMPA receptors to the synapse through vesicular membrane fusion with the postsynaptic membrane. This is also known as NMDA-dependent plasticity.

Change in the probability of glutamate release - Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter and change in its release, results in the phenomenon of LTP. Calcium is known to be one of the main regulator of the neural circuit, responsible for the secretion of glutamate and strengthening synapse.

gladiator answered 6 months ago

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