Question

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Q1:

Data Modelling is the primary step in the process of database design. Compare and contrast Conceptual data model versus Physical data model. Illustrates with help of example to list down data (entities), relationship among data and constraints on data.

Q2:

What strategic competitive benefits do you see in a company’s use of extranets?

Q3:

Explain how Internet technologies are involved in developing a process in one of the functions of the business? Give an example and evaluate its business value.

Q4:

What are the basic differences between HRM, Intranet and Internet in terms of Domain and Network Communication Scope?

	HRM Intranet	HRM Internet
Domain
Network Communication Scope

Answer 1

Q1:Data Modelling is the primary step in the process of database design. Compare and contrast Conceptual data model versus Physical data model.

Conceptual Data Model

A Conceptual Data Model is an organized view of database concepts and their relationships. The purpose of creating a conceptual data model is to establish entities, their attributes, and relationships. In this data modeling level, there is hardly any detail available on the actual database structure. Business stakeholders and data architects typically create a conceptual data model.

The 3 basic tenants of Conceptual Data Model are

• Entity: A real-world thing
• Attribute: Characteristics or properties of an entity
• Relationship: Dependency or association between two entities

Data model example:

• Customer and Product are two entities. Customer number and name are attributes of the Customer entity
• Product name and price are attributes of product entity
• Sale is the relationship between the customer and product
• 

• At this Data Modeling level, no primary or secondary key is defined. At this Data modeling level, you need to verify and adjust the connector details that were set earlier for relationships./

Physical Data Model

A Physical Data Model describes a database-specific implementation of the data model. It offers database abstraction and helps generate the schema. This is because of the richness of meta-data offered by a Physical Data Model. The physical data model also helps in visualizing database structure by replicating database column keys, constraints, indexes, triggers, and other RDBMS features.

Characteristics of a physical data model:

• The physical data model describes data need for a single project or application though it maybe integrated with other physical data models based on project scope.
• Data Model contains relationships between tables that which addresses cardinality and nullability of the relationships.
• Developed for a specific version of a DBMS, location, data storage or technology to be used in the project.
• Columns should have exact datatypes, lengths assigned and default values.
• Primary and Foreign keys, views, indexes, access profiles, and authorizations, etc. are defined.

Q2:What strategic competitive benefits do you see in a company’s use of extranets?

Increased productivity.:

As you automate processes that were traditionally done manually, bottlenecks will disappear and your company’s productivity will increase. Critical information won’t get lost in the mail or buried in an e-mail inbox, and busy employees won’t miss or forget key events. An extranet can, for example, monitor business activities and trigger specific actions, such as automatically placing an order with a supplier when your inventory drops below a certain level.

Reduced margin of error.:

An extranet can reduce your margin of error, especially when you use it to give specific groups access to internal applications. This could involve something as simple as giving customers access to their order histories, or something as complex as processing orders from distributors and suppliers.

Flexibility.:

When you use an extranet to make information and applications available to partners, clients, and customers, everyone can operate when and where it’s most convenient. This self-serve approach frees you from unnecessary meetings and phone tag, and it cuts down on the costs associated with in-person information exchanges. For example, an extranet may allow you to provide customer-service information outside of regular business hours.

Timely and accurate information.:

On an extranet you can instantly change, edit, and update sensitive information such as price lists or inventory information. Compared to typical paper-based publishing processes, an extranet offers a unique opportunity to get hot information into the right hands before it cools — and before it’s out-of-date.

Shorter time to market.:

If your business is not moving at “Internet speed,” you risk being left behind. An extranet can help you get your products to market more quickly by making proposals and specifications available to suppliers, and giving clients and partners up-to-date information on current projects.

Reduced inventory:

One of the hallmarks of a business-to-business extranet is its impact on supply-chain management. By linking your inventory system directly to a supplier, you can process orders as soon as the system knows you need them, thus reducing the stock you keep on hand and making the procurement process more efficient.

Build customer loyalty:

Extranets make business easier for your customers. The more you make timely, accurate information available to your customers, the more likely it is you’ll keep their business.

Q3:Explain how Internet technologies are involved in developing a process in one of the functions of the business?

Technology in business is a growing necessity. As the years go by, the business world is leaning more and more toward it, making it almost impossible to separate the two from each other. Innovation breeds business, and since technology paves the way for it, it can be gathered here that business needs technology to be sustained.

The role of technology in business caused a tremendous growth in trade and commerce. Business concepts and models were revolutionized as a result of the introduction of technology. This is because technology gave a new and better approach on how to go about with business. It provided a faster, more convenient, and more efficient way of performing business transactions.

Some of actions of technology in business include accounting systems, management information systems, point of sales systems, and other simpler or more complicated tools. Even the calculator is a product of technology.

With the automated processes that technology can provide, productivity reaches a higher level. This is due to the minimal resources consumed in processing business activities, allowing room for better products produced and faster services delivered to more clients and customers.

Information is also stored with ease and integrity. With this, confidential and sensitive information are less prone to vulnerabilities. The said information can also be instantly retrieved and analyzed to monitor trends and make forecasts, which can be crucial in decision-making processes.

Technology in business made it possible to have a wider reach in the global market. The basic example is the Internet, which is now a common marketing tool to attract more consumers in availing products and services offered by various businesses.

Q4:What are the basic differences between HRM, Intranet and Internet in terms of Domain and Network Communication Scope?

What is Internet?

Internet is a global network of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks worldwide connect with each other over the network to share massive amounts of information, resources and services.

Internet carries a massive range of informational resources and data in form of HTTP (Hypertext Markup language) documents and applications through World Wide Web (WWW). Every computer in Internet is identified by a unique IP address. IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 50.63.197.203) which identifies a computer's location. A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to provide a name to the IP Address so that the user can locate a computer by a name like..http://net-informations.com.

Internet itself contains a large number of intranets and the number of users who use internet is Unlimited. It contains different source of information and is available for all. Anyone can access it for downloading and uploading using internet protocol. It has numerous information resources and services, such as the web pages of the World Wide Web (WWW), games, videos, images, e-mail, social networking, etc. The Internet is currently being used by billions of people worldwide.

What is Intranet?

The term "Intranet" is basically stands for the network of a specific organization or the private network of an organization. It may be used for organizations or networks that do not want their information to be able to be accessed by outside sources, and is especially important for organizations that require a high amount of secrecy - such as a server that holds military secrets or a database for the CIA. It has a firewall surrounding the system to avoid the unauthorized user from accessing the network. Only authorized users have permission to access the network.

An intranet design should be much more task-oriented and less promotional than an internet design. An intranet's Web sites look and act just like any other Web sites . Employees of the organization or members of the group can makes interactive communication in shape of chatting, audio and video conferencing, groupware and teleconferencing using the intranet.

What is HRM?

Human Resource Management is the process of recruiting, selecting, inducting employees, providing orientation, imparting training and development, appraising the performance of employees, deciding compensation and providing benefits, motivating employees, maintaining proper relations with employees and their trade unions, ensuring employees safety, welfare and healthy measures in compliance with labour laws of the land and finally following the Orders / Judgements of the concern High Court and Supreme Court, if any.

Human resources is used to describe both the people who work for a company or organization and the department responsible for managing resources related to employees. The term human resources was first coined in the 1960s when the value of labor relations began to garner attention and when notions such as motivation, organizational behavior, and selection assessments began to take shape.

Human resource management is therefore focused on a number of major areas, including:

• Recruiting and staffing
• Compensation and benefits
• Training and learning
• Labor and employee relations
• Organization development