Question

Using practical examples in the two sectors labelled (i)–(ii) below, discuss problems that individuals and organizations can solve using data structures and algorithms that they build:

(i). Science and Engineering (2 examples)

(ii). Education (2 examples)

Answer 1

In Science and Engineering there is many real life based problem can be solved be individuals and organizations like

• Snakes Game (Arrays)

Using Array in data strcture we can make this , here is the overview of this game

Snake can move in a given direction and when it eats the food, the length of snake increases.
When snake crosses itself, the game will over.
Food will be generated at given interval.

• Sudoku (Backtracking)

Here is the Algorith of Sudoku

1. Create a function that checks if the given matrix is valid sudoku or not. Keep Hashmap for the row, column and boxes. If any number has a frequency greater than 1 in the hashMap return false else return true;
2. Create a recursive function that takes a grid and the current row and column index.
3. Check some base cases. If the index is at the end of the matrix, i.e. i=N-1 and j=N then check if the grid is safe or not, if safe print the grid and return true else return false. The other base case is when the value of column is N, i.e j = N, then move to next row, i.e. i++ and j = 0.
4. if the current index is not assigned then fill the element from 1 to 9 and recur for all 9 cases with the index of next element, i.e. i, j+1. if the recursive call returns true then break the loop and return true.
5. if the current index is assigned then call the recursive function with index of next element, i.e. i, j+1

• Travel Planner (Graphs)

This project is basically an application which helps friends, colleagues or relatives who live at far off places (generally in another country) plan a trip together to a place in optimal budget.

and below there is some project using data Structure and algorithm

• Cash Flow Minimiser (Graphs/Multisets/Heaps)
• Whats App List (LRU Cache/Interview Problem)
• Text Editor Cut, Copy, Paste (Stack)
• File Zipper (Greedy Huffman Encoder)
• CB Mario ( Dynamic Programming Optimisation in Game)
• Jump Froggy (Greedy Optimisation in Game)