Question

I need an in-depth description on how chronic aerobic training impacts the events at the neuromuscular junction. Does it speed up the transmission of information or slow it down? What effects does this have on performance? What other variables influence these events

Answer 1

Ans:-

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse site from peripheral nervous system that allows communication between α-motoneuron and skeletal muscle fibers [1]. NMJ architecture is formed by pre- and post-synaptic compartments. Each compartment consists of several components, such as peripheral axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cells, acetylcholine (ACh) vesicles and receptors (AChR), acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and muscle basal lamina.

One classical feature of this morphological structure is the great plasticity that it suffers across age [2]. Experimental data demonstrated greater NMJ density in juvenile than adult rats [3]. From young to adult age, skeletal muscle fiber goes from a multi-innervated condition to a unique NMJ/muscle fiber state. As time passes by, nervous system begins to suffer a slow and continued reduction of its functions [4]. At late ages, NMJ begins to undergo a process of functional denervation, leading to compensatory functional hypertrophy frame [5–7]. This mechanism is an attempt to prevent the muscle fibers are permanently denervated and undergo apoptosis. This process may lead skeletal muscle to sarcopenia process.