Question

How can examples of organisms and traits that exhibit different combinations of presence and absence of homology and/or analogy be used to indirectly test hypotheses of “descent with modification,” natural selection, the “law of succession,” vestigial traits, and convergent evolution. What explains repeated independent evolution of traits?

Answer 1

Question

Every organism have arise from a single ancestor and become change in to different organism based on the presence of food, environmental conditions,habitat.  Descent with modification is the main theme of evolution. It means evolution is a gradual process that bring diversity at every level of biological organization. Example of descent with modification include Galapagos finches that show beak modification according to their diets. The fossil are the evidence that show law of succession that indicate fossil species are highly similar to the species living in the same geopgraphic areas. Also, during the course of evolution, the organs or part of the body that do not require by the body become vestigial.

The organism show repeated independent evolution of trait due to sharing same ecological niche and as a result to adapt to similar environmental condition. Therfore, organism undergo convergent evolution where organism that are not closely related share same traits.