Question

make a meal plan for a all day for a male who is 48 year old,diabete type 2 and weigh 290 lbs ,low active

all vitamins and minerals shoul meet 90% of a RDA

recommendation

Answer 1

Type 2 Diabetes is a condition which occurs when the body is no longer able to deal with the increasing level of glucose (sugar) in the blood

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes requires that you follow a healthy lifestyle which includes following healthy eating guidelines and taking regular activity.

As most people with Type 2 Diabetes are overweight it is important that you lose weight gradually. Losing 1-2 lbs a week is a safe amount to lose. Weighing yourself once a week means you can monitor your progress.

Diabetes can be treated by:

1)Healthy eating and regular activity Healthy eating,

2)regular activity and tablets Healthy eating,

3)regular activity and insulin

The main points regarding healthy eating are as follows:

Eat regular meals. Include a starchy carbohydrate food such as bread, cereal, potato, rice or pasta (eat the appropriate portion) at each meal. Limit your intake of sweet and sugary foods. Reduce your fat intake and change the type of fat you eat. Eat fruit and vegetables regularly, a total of 5 portions of a mix of fruit and vegetables every day. Eat fish twice a week: white fish once a week and oily fish once a week. Avoid adding salt to food and cut down on processed foods. If you drink alcohol, the recommendations are the same as for the general public, no more than 5 standard drinks in one sitting. For women no more than 11 standard drinks weekly. For men no more than 17 standard drinks weekly (see page 14).

Regular Meals

Have regular meals at regular times each day. Have a breakfast, a lunch or tea type meal and a dinner. If you are hungry in between your meals you can have a low fat snack e.g. fruit or a diet yogurt. Eating regularly means you have to plan ahead. If, for example, you have to make a long journey, prepare some food to take with you so you can have something to eat at the normal time.

1) Carbohydrates :-

This food group has the largest effect on blood glucose levels because when they are digested carbohydrates are broken down into glucose (sugar). Carbohydrates consist of sugars and starches and are an important energy source for the body and brain. However with diabetes it is important to choose the right carbohydrates that help control blood glucose levels.

The following foods are sources of Carbohydrates:

a)Starchy Carbohydrates

All types of bread and crackers

Potatoes

Cereals Pasta / Rice / Noodles

Yam/Plantain

b)Sugary Carbohydrates

All sweet foods (cakes, chocolate, biscuits, jams, marmalades, non-diet fizzy drinks etc.)

c)Naturally Occurring Sugars

Fruit and fruit juices

Pulse vegetables (peas, beans, lentils)

Dairy food (milk, yogurt)

2) Sugar & Sweet Foods :-

Sugar and sweet foods can cause your blood glucose level to rise outside the normal range. Sweet foods should be reserved as a treat and not something to be indulged in daily. It is also important to choose foods that have a low sugar content. The table opposite shows suitable low sugar alternatives. PLEASE NOTE: There is no need to buy special ‘diabetic’ foods. These foods are expensive, can be high in sugar and fat and if taken in large amounts can cause diarrhoea.

A) High sugar foods to avoid :- White or brown sugar, honey, syrup, treacle, glucose, sweeteners containing sucrose , Marmalade & Jams , Sweets, chocolate, fudge, toffees , Cakes, sweet biscuits , Fruit tinned in syrup , Fizzy drinks and squashes containing sugar or glucose e.g. Coke, lem.onade flavoured mineral waters, mixed fruit juice drinks like Sunny Delight & Capri-Sun, Hot Chocolate and malted milk drinks like Ovaltine & Bournvita. , Sugar coated cereals e.g. Frosties, Coco Pops, Crunchy Nut Cornflakes

B)Choose the following Food:-    Artificial Sweeteners e.g. Canderel, Splenda, Hermesetas, Natrena , Reduced sugar or high fruit content marmalade & jams, pure fruit spreads e.g. Kelkin, Poiret & Robertsons , Sugar free peppermints/chewing gum , Plain biscuits e.g. Digestives, Rich Tea, Marietta, Fig Roll, Goldgrain, Crisp breads, scones (If you need to lose weight only have these occasionally) , Fruit tinned in natural juice, fresh fruit or small portions of dried fruit. , Sugar free or diet fizzy drinks and squashes. Pure fruit juice in small amounts , High fibre cereals e.g. Weetabix, Branflakes, Fruit and Fibre, no added sugar Muesli or Porridge .

3) Fats :-

A) Foods to avoid :- Butter, Lard, Dripping, Hard Margarine , Creamy sweetened yogurts, Greek yogurt, cream , Full fat hard cheese, processed cheese and cream cheese , Fried eggs, Scotch eggs , Salami, pâté, sausages, sausage rolls, black & white pudding, luncheon meat, meat pies and streaky bacon , Fried fish or fish in batter , Chips, roast potatoes, fried noodles, fried bread , Cakes, tarts, pastries, chocolate, fudge, toffees and crisps , Mayonnaise, salad cream, fatty gravy .

B) Foods to choose instead :- Low Fat spreads – choose mono or polyunsaturated based spreads e.g. Low Low, Avonmore Light, Flora Light, supermarket brands of monounsaturated spreads, small amounts of olive or rapeseed (canola) oil , 0% fat yogurts, diet yogurts, low fat fromage frais , Low fat cheese such as Edam, Low fat cheddar, Feta, Mozzarella, Low fat cheese spread , Boiled, poached or scrambled eggs , Lean meat (cut off fat), chicken & turkey (no skin), liver, offal, soya mince, peas, beans, lentils and nuts , Fish fresh or frozen, tinned fish in tomato sauce, water or brine , Boiled, baked or mashed potatoes, boiled rice, pasta or noodles, bread & pitta bread , Scones, malt loaf, brack, plain popcorn , Small amounts of low fat mayonnaise & low fat salad cream, fat free dressings, small amounts oil and vinegar dressing, natural yogurt, gravy granules, mustard .

4) Fruit & Vegetables:- Each day eat 5 portions from a variety of fruit, vegetables and salads. Fruit and vegetables are low in calories, low in fat and high in fibre and vitamins

1 portion is equal to:

1 medium sized apple or pear, 1 small banana, 2 small fruits e.g. ,2 kiwis, 2 mandarins or 2 plums ,10-12 grapes or strawberries ,1 small glass (100mls) unsweetened fruit juice, 4 stewed prunes or apricots ,4 dessert spoons cooked vegetables (fresh or frozen), 1 cup mixed salad ,1 cup homemade vegetable soup .

REMEMBER: Eat 3 portions of fruit every day. Avoid eating more than one portion at a time. If having fruit juice have at meal times.

5) Salt :-

On average Irish people eat at least 10g salt a day in their diet. A recommended safe level of salt in the diet is 6g per day. Too much salt can contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease. If you have high blood pressure it is important to reduce your salt intake as much as possible.

To cut down on salt it is recommended to: Cut down on your intake of processed foods especially ready prepared meals and takeaways, as processed foods are the main source of salt in the diet.

Avoid added salt in cooking or at the table.

Instead of salt, flavour your food with pepper, garlic, vinegar, curry powder, mustard, lemon juice, parsley and other herbs and spices.

6) Alcohol :- As with the rest of the population people with diabetes should only drink alcohol in moderation.

Do not have more than 5 standard drinks at one time. Have at least 3 alcohol free days a week

1 pint beer = 2 standard drinks ,

1 pub measure e.g. vodka, whiskey = 1 standard drink ,

1 glass lager = 1 standard drink

1 small glass wine (100 mls) = 1 standard drink

1 small bottle wine (187 mls) = 2 standard drinks

1 bottle wine = 7-10 standard drinks

Choose fizzy drinks labelled diet, light, zero or slimline as a mixer for spirits

Avoid “Alcopops”, liqueurs and cocktails

Avoid low sugar beers as these are high in alcohol

Do not drink on an empty stomach

So now you have some idea what you should eat and drink, lets put it all together and come up with some meal suggestions.

8)Now that you have been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes it is important that you look at your weight.

If you are overweight you need to start losing weight as part of your lifestyle changes. Being overweight contributes to insulin resistance. Losing weight will help to improve your diabetes control. Aim to lose 5-10 kg over 3-6 months, this equates to 11 lbs - 1½ stone, or aim to lose 10% of your actual body weight. In other words if you are 100 kg (15 stone 10 lbs) you should aim to lose 10 kg which is approx 1½ stone. Weight loss should be gradual, try to lose 1-2 lbs per week. If you lose weight any faster than this you will end up losing muscle as well as fat which is not to be recommended, you just need to lose fat! Many people with diabetes tend to put on weight around their middle, so as well as looking at your weight you should check your waist measurement. Losing weight around your stomach area helps to control your diabetes. If you have a waist measurement over these values you are at increased risk of cardio-vascular disease.

Women should aim to have a waist measurement no more than 32 inches.

Men should aim to have a waist measurement no more than 37 inches

Losing weight will help you to: :-

Keep your diabetes under control

Reduce the risk of heart disease

Lower your blood pressure

Lower your unhealthy cholesterol

Improve your mobility

Reduce the stress on your joints

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