Question

5. TRUE or FALSE: The glycolysis pathway is reversible to allow glucose production from specific deaminated amino acids during fasting.

1. True
2. False

6. What happens to the amino group of deaminated amino acids?

1. The liver can metabolize it to glucose by gluconeogenesis.
2. The liver metabolize it to urea
3. The liver metabolize it to ketones

7. What will happen to the carbon skeleton of the deaminated amino acids when excessive protein and calories are consumed?

a. It is metabolized by the liver to urea

b. They will be metabolized to fat

c. They will be metabolized to ketones

8. What is the main function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD?

1. To form water
2. To act as enzymes by removing hydrogen atoms from substrate
3. To transport hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain.

9. During the oxidation of glucose, what happens to the carbons as they are removed from glucose?

1. They produce water
2. They bond to NAD+
3. They form CO2
4. They form Coenzyme A

10. What happens during the Kreb Cycle?.

1. 3 molecules of NAD⁺ and one molecule of FAD are reduced per cycle
2. 1 ATP is produced at the substrate level per cycle
3. Carbon is removed from substrates of the Kreb Cycle as Carbon dioxide and expired by the lungs.
4. All of the above

11.   Which of the following is FALSE?

1. Members of the electron transport chain are activated by electrons, turning them into proton pumps.
2. Protons and ATP are transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm by a proton-ATP exchanger
3. The diffusion of protons through Respiratory Assemblies activates ATP synthase .
4. The splitting of ATP activates members of the electron transport chain, turning them into pumps.

12. During the oxidation of glucose, the greatest amount of ATP is produced:

1. At the substrate level
2. By oxidative phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain)

Answer 1

1. False
Both the glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis are not same.
Glycolysis has three irreversible steps which are bypassed during gluconeogenesis.

2. Option B is correct
Amino acid degrades into Keto acid and Ammonia.
The ammonia is converted to urea in liver cells.

3. Option C is correct
Amino acid degrades into Keto acid and Ammonia
The keto acid is used up in the metabolism.

4. Option C is correct
NAD+ and FAD act as cofactors that accept electrons/protons from respiratory substrates and pass them to the Electron transport chain.

5. Option C is correct
During respiration, the carbon atoms in the glucose are oxidized to produce CO2.

6. Option D is correct
Net yield of TCA cycle per turn = 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP
Two molecules of CO2 are released.

7. Option D is correct
Electron carriers in the electron transport chain accept electrons from NADH/FADH2 and donate them to molecular oxygen.
This creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane which drives ATP synthesis (Oxidative phosphorylation)

8.
Number of ATP produced by substrate level of phosphorylation per glucose is 4 ATP
Number of ATP produced by oxidative level of phosphorylation per glucose is 34 ATP

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