Question

1. Organize information on the following topics; all are infectious agents which you will encounter as a CCA.
   1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
   2. Clostridium difficile (C-difficile)
   3. Influenza
   4. COVID-19

Answer 1

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):- It is caused by a type of staph bacteria and this bacteria is a resistant for antibodies in bodies. It is a gram positive bacteria, that causes infections on the skin like sores,boils or abscesses which are not much serious but they also cause serious skin infections,infect surgical wounds, blood stream,the lungs, urinary tract,etc which are more dangerous.Most of the time this MRSA is not infectious but sometimes it is life threatening also. The first MRSA cause is registered in U.S,bostan city in 1961 and later it spread to whole world.

Treatment includes :-

* Vancomycin/daptomycin.

* Telavancin.

* Ceftaroline.

* LinezolI'd.

* Salvage therapy,etc.

Clostridium difficile (C-difficile):- This is acised by difficile bacteria. This attacks on lining of intestine by produced toxins. This can cause diarrhea,abdominalpain,fatigue,headache,fever,nausea ,weight loss,etc. It can also cause peritonitis which is life threatening. It is first discovered in 1935 and later it spreaded to worlswide. This diseases can be cured in 2 weeks with treatment but it can reinfect after 2 to 3 months. If that happens vaccines cannot cure but therapies are only choice.

Treatment includes:-

* Vancomycin.

* Fidaxomicin.

* Metronidazole,etc.

Influenza:- Flu is caused by influenza viruses,which belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. This Influenzacan affect nose,throat,lungs. This speads by cough, sneeze or talk. This affects on lungs. It cause inflammation in heart, brain and muscles also. It also cause inflammation in lungs which is life threatening. It is firstly identified in 1918 and in which 1/3rd of people were affected world wide.

Treatment includes:-

* Taking fluids.

* Plenty of rest.

* Paracetamol.

* Decongestant.

* Cough medicine.

* Antiviral drugs.

* Analgesic,etc.

COVID-19:- Covid-19 is caused by virus called corona virus which directly shows effect on lungs. Symptoms of the disease are fever,dry cough,tiredness, diarrohea, headache,sore throat, aches and pains,which are mild. This can cause damage of linings and walls of air sacs in your lungs. Lungs become more inflamed and that results harder to swap oxygen and carbon dioxide which can become life threatening. This is identified in 2019 and spread to whole country and become life-threatening till today.

Treatment includes:-

* Flavipiravir.

* Hydroxychloroquine.

* Ribavirin.

* Dexamethasone.

* Plasma therapy, etc.