Question

A double-blind randomised experiment investigated whether consumption of oligofructose would stimulate calcium absorption in healthy human males aged 14 to 16 years. Two sets of pills were prepared, identical in appearance and packaging. One set contained oligofructose and the other set contained ordinary sucrose (i.e., a placebo). The experiment ran in two rounds, with the second round starting 3 weeks after the first ended. Subjects were randomly assigned to either receive oligofructose in the first round and the placebo in the second, or the placebo in the first round and oligofructose in the second. In each round, subjects took pills for nine days and had their calcium absorption measured on the last day. Calcium absorption was measured as a percentage of calcium intake.

Formally test whether oligofructose stimulates calcium absorption in healthy males aged 14 to 16 years. You do not need to revisit the decision made in part (a), but your report should be consistent with that decision, and should include all relevant elements of a hypothesis test. Assume α = .05.

Placebo	Oligofructose
68.4	72
66.6	85.1
57.4	56.5
51.5	59.4
49	79.7
46.6	53.8
44.2	60.3
42.9	61.6
37.2	76.6
34.1	62.7
24.6	64

Answer 1

Null hypothesis: oligo fructose stimulates calcium absorptiom in healthy males aged 14 to 16 years.
Degrees of freedom df= n-1; 11-1=10

Please find attachment FA (Answer Solution-1)

Please find attachment FA (Answer Solution-2)

Result: Since calculated t value 4.61 is greater than tabulated value at 0.05 level of probability for degrees of freedom = 10 is 1.812.
Therefore, null hypothesis oligo-fructose stimulates calcium absorption in healthy males 14 to 16 years is Rejected.