Question

Being able to detect a sensation resulting from the stimlus is a _____ condition of Pavlov's contiguity theory

A. subliminal

B. necessary

C. Intermittent

D. Sufficient

Answer 1

Pavlov's classical conditioning theory is process, where an organisms learns to associate between two stimuli. In the A-B-C model, where,

A-antecendent

B-behavior

C-consequences, Pavlov majorly focused on A-B relationship, i.e. what Antecedent factors (stimulus/event) shape a behavior. Therefore the correct option is (B) NECESSARY.

Reason- According to stimulus- response theory, an organism, responds to its environmental stimulus. In Pavlov experiment, a stimulus (food or tone) is necessary to detect a sensation (hunger, salivation). Thus there is a simultaneous relationship between them which is established after few trials (in case of association between Bell with salivation).

For example: when you see a snake, it creates a sensation in your heart and lungs, by breathing rapidly, heart beat rising up, and sweating and so you experience fear. Other sensory aspects also get activated, for instance you feel thirsty, in such stressful situation.

Therefore, Being able to detect a sensation, resulting from the stimulus, is a necessary condition, of Pavlov's Contiguity theory.

Subliminal- this option is incorrect, as it means, a stimulus or mental process which is below the threshold (limit) of sensation or conscious awareness, i.e. a stimulus affect our mind, without person's awareness.

To learn a new behavior, awareness of the organism, is very important, to establish association between stimulus. Therefore the ability of being aware of a stimulus, which leads to sensation in organism, cannot happen in vacuum or with little consciousness.

Intermittent- it also not a correct option, since to detect a sensation in the presence of stimuli, does not occur at irregular intervals. It is a continuous process to establish new learning association between stimulus.

Sufficient- it is also not the correct option. In order, to detect sensation not only presence of stimulus is required, but other psychological and physical variables, play their role too. Example, perception, intra-psychic forces, memory, etc.