Question

Q12. Discuss how you would run a sanitary landfilling operation in your city. Be sure to include the technical (operational requirements), economic and environmental health considerations.

Answer 1

LANDFILL OPERATION:1)Operators of well-run landfills for non-hazardous waste meet predefined specifictions by applying techniques to:

a)Confine waste to as small n area as possible.

b)Compact waste to reduce volume.

2)They can also cover waste(usually daily) with layers of soil or other types of materials such as woodchips and fine particles.

3)During landfills operations, a scale or weighbridge may weigh waste collection vehicles on arrival and personnel may inspect loads for waste that do not accord with the landfills waste-acceptance criteria.

4)Afterward,the waste collection vehicles use the existing road network on their way to the tipping face or working front,where they unload their content.After loads are deposited,compactors or bulldozers can spread and compact the waste on the working face.

5)Tyically, in the working face,the compacted waste is covered with soil or alternative materials daily.Alternative waste-cover materials include chipped wood or other green waste,several sprayd on foam products,chemically fixed bio-solids,and temporary blankets.Blankts can be lifted into place at night and then removed the following day prior to waste placement. The space that is occupied daily by the compacted waste and the cover material is calld daily cell.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS:1)Landfills have the potential to cause a number of issues.Infrastructure deisruption,such as damage to access roads by heavy vehicles,may occur

2)Pollution of local rads and water courses from wheels when they leave the landfill can be significant and can be mitigated by wheel washing systems.

3)Pollution of the local environment,such as contamination of groundwater or aquifers or soil contamination may occur, as well.

4)Poorly run landfills may become nuisances because of vectors such as rats and flies which can spread infectious diseases.The occurance of such vectors can be mitigated through the use of daily cover.

5)Other poteential issues include wildlife disruption due to occupation of habitat and animal health disruption caused by consuming waste from landfills,dust,odor,noise pollution,and reduced local property values.

ECONOMIC IMPACTS:1)A modern landfil is an engineered method for depositing waste in specially constructed and protected cells on the land surface or in excavations into the land surface.

2)Despite the fact that an increasing amount os waste is reused,recycledor energetically valorized,landfills still play an important role in waste management strategies.

3)Socio-economic impacts of landfills include risks for piblic health derived from surfaceor groundwater contamination by leachatee,the diffusion of litter into the wider environment and inadequate on-sie recycling activities.

4)Furthermore,this review is complementd with suggestions to minimize the environmental burden of landfills and to re-introduce the buried resources to the material cycle.

5)The present paper reviews the environmental and socio-economic impacts related to landfills and presents existing modelling approaches to access these impacts.

OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS:1)It presents siting considerations,regulations,and other impotant steps before the design stage.

2)Monitoring is an important task during landfill construction /operation and after closure.Leachate,possibile leakage through the liner system,groundwater quality,landfill gas migration,and stability are among the most commonly monitored aspects.

3)Landfill design involves designing physical elements of th landfill and operational systems.

4)In the bioreactor approach,the moisture content of the MSW is increased by recirculating leachate to enhance biodegradation.

5)The major design components of a landfill are sub-base,liner,leachate management system,gas management systeem,final cap,and stormwater management.