In: Chemistry
Pyridine is a weak base that is used in the manufacture of pesticides and plastic resins. It is also a component of cigarette smoke. Pyridine ionizes in water as follows: C5H5N+H2O⇌C5H5NH++OH− The pKb of pyridine is 8.75. What is the pH of a 0.500 M solution of pyridine? Express the pH numerically to two decimal places.
Part B Benzoic acid is a weak acid that has antimicrobial properties. Its sodium salt, sodium benzoate, is a preservative found in foods, medications, and personal hygiene products. Benzoic acid dissociates in water: C6H5COOH⇌C6H5COO−+H+ The pKa of this reaction is 4.2. In a 0.67 M solution of benzoic acid, what percentage of the molecules are ionized? Express the percentage numerically using two significant figures.
This is a base in water so, let the base be Pyridine = "B" and Pyridine H+ = HB+ the protonated base "HB+"
there are free OH- ions so, expect a basic pH
B + H2O <-> HB+ + OH-
The equilibrium Kb:
Kb = [HB+][OH-]/[B]
initially:
[HB+] = 0
[OH-] = 0
[B] = M
the change
[HB+] = x
[OH-] = x
[B] = - x
in equilibrium
[HB+] = 0 + x
[OH-] = 0 + x
[B] = M - x
Now substitute in Kb
Kb = [HB+][OH-]/[B]
Kb = x*x/(M-x)
x^2 + Kbx - M*Kb = 0
x^2 + (10^-8.75)x - (0.5)(10^-8.75) = 0
solve for x
x = 2.98*10^-5
substitute:
[HB+] = 0 + x = 2.98*10^-5M
[OH-] = 0 + x = 2.98*10^-5M
pH = 14 + pOH = 14 + log( 2.98*10^-5) = 9.47421
B)
First, assume the acid:
Hbenzoic
to be HA, for simplicity, so it will ionize as follows:
HA <-> H+ + A-
where, H+ is the proton and A- the conjugate base, HA is molecular acid
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]; by definition
initially
[H+] = 0
[A-] = 0
[HA] = M;
the change
initially
[H+] = + x
[A-] = + x
[HA] = - x
in equilbrirum
[H+] = 0 + x
[A-] = 0 + x
[HA] = M - x
substitute in Ka
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
Ka = x*x/(M-x)
x^2 + Kax - M*Ka = 0
if M = 0.67M; then
x^2 + (10^-4.2)x - 0.67*(10^-4.2) = 0
solve for x
x =0.00647
substitute
[H+] = 0 + 0.00647= 0.00647M
[A-] = 0 + 0.00647= 0.00647 M
[HA] = M - x = 0.67-0.00647= 0.66353 M
pH = -log(H+) = -log(0.00647 ) = 2.18909