In: Chemistry
Pyridine is a weak base that is used in the manufacture of pesticides and plastic resins. It is also a component of cigarette smoke. Pyridine ionizes in water as follows:
C5H5N+H2O⇌C5H5NH++OH−
a) The pKb of pyridine is 8.75. What is the pH of a 0.440 M solution of pyridine?
Benzoic acid is a weak acid that has antimicrobial properties. Its sodium salt, sodium benzoate, is a preservative found in foods, medications, and personal hygiene products. Benzoic acid dissociates in water:
C6H5COOH⇌C6H5COO−+H+
b) The pKa of this reaction is 4.2. In a 0.63 M solution of benzoic acid, what percentage of the molecules are ionized?
a C5H5N+H2O⇌C5H5NH++OH−
0.44M 0 0
0.44-x x x
pKb=8.75
pKb = -log Kb
Kb = 1.78 x 10^-9
Kb = [OH-] [C5H5NH+] / [C5H5N]
1.78x10^-9 = x^2 / 0.44-x
x is very very small as compared with 0.44
so,we can write
1.78x 10^-9 = x^2 / 0.44
x^2 = 0.44x1.78 x10^-9= 7.832x10^-10
x= 2.798 x10^-5
[OH-] = 2.798x10^-5
pOH = -log [OH-] = 4.553
pH= 14-4.553= 9.447
b) C6H5COOH ⇌ C6H5COO− + H+
0.63 0 0 I
0.63-x x x
pKa = 4.2
Ka = 6.31 x10^-5
For each C6H5COOH that is ionized we have one H^+ ion produced.
Ka = [H+] [ C6H5COO-] / [C6H5COOH]
6.31x10^-5 = [x] [x] / [0.63-x] [ as x is very small]
6.31x10^-5 x 0.63 = x^2
x = [H+] = 6.305 x10^-3
% ionized = (concentration of H^+/0.63) x 100%
% ionized = .6305 x10^-2/.63 x100 = 1%