Question

1. Gender differences in communication often give rise to stereotypes. One common one in the United States suggests that women never seem to stop talking. This contradicts the research showing that men
   a.   are better able to use language to their advantage.
   b.   adopt linguistic strategies that help them maintain conversational dominance.
   c.   are often reluctant to speak up in mixed-gender settings.
   d.   adopt linguistic strategies that focus on letting women participate in conversation.

2. In 1967, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional, which ended the legal practice of
   a.   mixing.
   b.   dilution.
   c.   anti-miscegenation.
   d.   hypodescent.

3. In writing about her findings in a Brazilian shantytown, Nancy Scheper-Hughes’s account of Alto do Cruzeiro provides a window into the terrible toll of nonconsensual organ harvesting among the poor, as well as how she herself changed over time. How might an anthropologist justify the publication of this ethnographic research when considering the problem of ethnographic authority?
   a.   The horrific conditions made it impossible to ignore, and since she obtained informed consent, this is justification.
   b.   Anthropologists are themselves changed in fieldwork, and so honest reflexivity is justification.
   c.   All of the poor must be given an equal voice, thus polyvocality is justification.
   d.   Authoritative writing asks us to consider what right we have to report, thus a moral challenge is justification.

4. About fifteen years ago, the giant Walmart corporation opened a store in Germany. Ten years later, it closed the entire chain there and pulled out of the country. Its approach was to replicate—exactly— the stores found in the United States. For some corporations like McDonalds, such expansion has been successful. These efforts are all part of how globalization tends to
   a.   monopolize.
   b.   cosmopolitanize.
   c.   homogenize.
   d.   dominate.

5. Many people believe that the impact of human activity on the earth is not the major problem that others see today. Such beliefs that one’s own culture or way of life is normal and natural is known as
   a.   normalcy.
   b.   ethnocentrism.
   c.   consensus.
   d.   conventionality.

Answer 1

1. b

Study by Brigham Young University and Princeton researchers in 2012 and A 2004 study of Harvard Law School classrooms shows that men dominate conversations in professional meetings and boys and men dominate conversations in classroom

2. c

Anti-miscegenation laws or miscegenation laws are laws that enforce racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes also intercourse between people of different races

3. b

4. a

Theories of globalization assert that more efficient producers will drive out poorly performing competitors, producing profits for themselves and gains for consumers. Wal-Mart’s ability to dominate its input network and to provide low-cost leadership through lean production has often been seen as the global example of creating efficiencies in the retail sector but it failed in Germany due to its model's inabaility to cope with complex local conditions.

5. b

Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.