Question

a) outline the flow of filtrate through the nephron.

b) outline the flow of blood through the nephron.

c) describe the properties of the ultrafiltrate of plasma

Answer 1

B.When blood passes through glomerular capillaries, the plasma is filtered into the Bowman capsule. This process is called glomerular filtration.
Glomerular filtration is the process by which the blood is filtered while passing through the glomerular capillaries by filtration membrane. It is the first process of urine formation. The structure of filtration membrane is well suited for filtration.
When blood passes through glomerular capillaries, the plasma is filtered into the Bowman capsule. All the substances of plasma are filtered except the plasma proteins. The filtered fluid is called glomerular filtrate.

C.Ultrafiltration
Glomerular filtration is called ultrafiltration because even the minute particles are filtered. But, the plasma proteins are not filtered due to their large molecular size. The protein molecules are larger than the slit pores present in the endothelium of capillaries. Thus, the glomerular filtrate contains all the substances present in plasma except the plasma proteins.

A.Filtrate from Bowman capsule passes through the tubular portion of the nephron. While passing through the tubule, the filtrate undergoes various changes both in quality and in quantity. Many wanted substances like glucose, amino acids, water and electrolytes are reabsorbed from the tubules. This process is called tubular reabsorption.
And, some unwanted substances are secreted into the tubule from peritubular blood vessels. This process is called tubular secretion or excretion