In: Nursing
| types | etiology | clinical manifestation | nursing management | 
| neurogenic | injury to nervoous system in spinal road injry | braadycardia,hypotension ,warm skin due vasdilation | adequate venrtlation,head in neutral position,maintain airway ,administer oxygen | 
| cardiogenic | cardiac disoders where heart unable to pump blood | cool clammy skin,pulmonary congestion | adequate ventilation, administer oxygen , morphine for pain management,diuretics and vasodilators ,bed rest completely | 
| hypovolemic | less blood volume in heamorrhage | oliguria,rapid pulse,rapid shallow respiration, | 
 administer blood,iv fluids,oxygen ,monitor weight ,look for jugular vein distention ,pulmonary edema  | 
| anaphylactic | allergic reaction | 
 chest tightness,breathng difficulty,cough,abdominal pain ,slurred speech,confusion  | 
 remove antigen, keep ready inj.adrenaline,maintain airway,oxygenaion  | 
| obstructive | obstruction of blood floweg.pulmonary embolis, cardiac temponade | cyanosis,chest pain,cool extremities ,hypotension,anxiety,oliguria,alterec mental state | 
 maintain airway,oxygenaion administer vassopressors,norepinephrine,continue iv fluid chest tube placement ,needle compression  |