In: Nursing
types | etiology | clinical manifestation | nursing management |
neurogenic | injury to nervoous system in spinal road injry | braadycardia,hypotension ,warm skin due vasdilation | adequate venrtlation,head in neutral position,maintain airway ,administer oxygen |
cardiogenic | cardiac disoders where heart unable to pump blood | cool clammy skin,pulmonary congestion | adequate ventilation, administer oxygen , morphine for pain management,diuretics and vasodilators ,bed rest completely |
hypovolemic | less blood volume in heamorrhage | oliguria,rapid pulse,rapid shallow respiration, |
administer blood,iv fluids,oxygen ,monitor weight ,look for jugular vein distention ,pulmonary edema |
anaphylactic | allergic reaction |
chest tightness,breathng difficulty,cough,abdominal pain ,slurred speech,confusion |
remove antigen, keep ready inj.adrenaline,maintain airway,oxygenaion |
obstructive | obstruction of blood floweg.pulmonary embolis, cardiac temponade | cyanosis,chest pain,cool extremities ,hypotension,anxiety,oliguria,alterec mental state |
maintain airway,oxygenaion administer vassopressors,norepinephrine,continue iv fluid chest tube placement ,needle compression |