Question

1. Depend on the energy charge of the cell, the glycerol compound could follow two different metabolic pathway. Mention and briefly describe both pathways

2. Mention the form of the compounds as final product of purine metabolism. Which one of the compound cause Goat diseases

Answer 1

I. During starvation in gluconeogenesis, the lipid digestion products are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa and is converted to triacylglycerols qhich are hydrolyzed to free fats and glycerol in adipose tissue and skeletal tissue by lipoprotein lipase. The glycerol is transported to liver or kidneys. In the liver it is converted to glycolytic intrrmediate Dihydrogen phosphate (DHAP) by the action if glycerol kinase and glycerol- 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase.

L-Glycerol ----1------> L-Glycerol- 3 - phosphate-----2-->DHAP

1. ATP is utilized in presence of glycerol kinase

2. NADH2 is produced in presence of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase.

The DHAP is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis cycle.

II. In the oxidative route, glycerol is converted into dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) which is finally converted to glucose

2.PURINE METABOLISM:

In humans and other primates the final product of purine degradation is uric acid, which is excreted through urine. Adenosine Mono Phosphate and Guanosine Mono Phosphate are hydrolyzed in presence of nucleosidase to form Adenosine and Guanosine. The Adenosine is deaminated in presence of deaminase to form Inosine and Guanosine is phosphorylated in presence of nucleoside phosphorylase to form Xanthine.

The final product of Adenosine from Inosine is hypoxanthine to xanthine to URIC ACID.

The final product of Guanosine from Xanthine is URIC ACID.

GOUT:

Gout is a disease characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in body fluids. It has got painful arthritic joint inflammation of sudden onset in the big toe caused by deposition of sodium urate. Gout affects 3 per 1000 persons. Uric acid may also crystalize in kidneys causing renal stonea and damage and urinary tract obstruction. Gout may be treated by xanthinine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol.