Question

1 A)What are the two different categories of cell types? How are they alike? How are they different?

1 B)If you are a bacterial biologist and you want to develop an antibiotic that will kill bacterial cells but not harm humans, what would you look for as a place to focus?

Answer 1

Cells from bacteria, humans or other organisms will be one of 2 general types that is prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic cells are single celled and smaller than eukaryotic cells.prokaryotes  are microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane bound nucleus nor membrane bound organelles

Common feature of prokaryotes

That have cell wall,plasma membrane ,ribosomes, genetic material, capsule ,flagella,pili plasmid ,binary fission.the most characteristic membrane bound structure is nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Usually found in multicellular organisms whose cells are organised into complex structure.They have plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.

Bacteriologist point of view antibiotics have the capacity to kill organisms. Antibiotics mainly act on cell wall ,impaired folate synthesis ,protein synthesis etc .Different class of antibiotics depending upon the site of action.

Aminoglycocides:amikacin ,gentamycin

Cephalosporins:cefotaxime,cefepime

Quenalones:ciprofloxacin ,norfloxacin

Aztronam

Carbapenems

Erythromycin

Overuse of antibiotics cause serious issues and showing multidrug resistance.