Question

Write a report a bout the buses used in computer. Your report should include the following:

1- One page about all buses used in computer. and each bus type is in one paragraph.

2- The second page is the differences between ISA bus and PCI bus

Answer 1

A bus in a computer system is nothing but a communication channel that transfers data from between different components and interfaces inside of a computer. The components include hardware like wires, devices, and also software.

The buses in a computer system are categorized into two types: Internal buses and External buses.

Internal Buses - This type of bus carry information from and to internal components of the computer system such as from CPU to Memory. An internal bus is also called a local bus as it is associated with the local operations of the computer system. Types of internal buses:

1. Control Bus - The control bus carries control information from the Central Processing Unit (CPU) to other components of the computer system. Such as a command to memory for storing some data or to input/output something.

1. Address Bus - The address bus is in charge of carrying a physical address. When the CPU commands some data to be stored at some physical address that address is carried by the address bus to the memory.

1. Data Bus - This is an all-purpose internal bus that carries generic data between internal components of the computer system.

External Buses - The external buses or expansion buses are used to connect to external devices such as a modem, printer, mouse, etc. Some of the types of external buses used are:

1. VESA bus - Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) bus is used to standardize video specifications in a PC. It has a 32-bit interface with a 62/36-pin connector and a 110 pin Vesa local bus extension.

1. PCI bus- Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). It is developed by Intel and is the latest standard for PC expansion cards. It is a bus that is used to connect CPU, memory, and peripherals to a faster pathway for transferring data.

1. ISA bus- Industry Standard Association(ISA) was designed and developed by IBM to work with IBM PCs.It is a type of computer bus to allow attaching extra expansion cards to the computer's Motherboard.

1. AGP bus - Accelerated Graphics Port(AGP) is an expansion bus that connects the CPU to the AGP port and operates at processor speed. It was primarily developed for high quality and fast performance for videos on computers.

1. USB - Universal Serial Bus (USB) refers to an industry standard that establishes protocols for connections and communication between peripherals and computers.

Difference between ISA and PCI

ISA	PCI
Expands to Industry Standard Architecture	Expands to Peripheral connection interface
Developed by IBM	Developed by Intel
Slower data transfer rates as compared to PCI	PCI has double bit-width, resulting in faster data transfers
ISA uses 8-bit and 16-bit bus design	PCI support both 32-bit and 64-bit data width
The 16-bit or AT runs at a clock speed of 8MHz	The 32-bit PCI bus runs at a clock speed of 33MHz
Does not support bus mastering	PCI support bus mastering meaning the bus is capable of processing so that the CPU has less load.