Question

Life Science 2 Answer all questions please!

1. Lack of microbes on the sterile Martian surface may

A. weaken our immune system

B. amplify our immune system

C. have no effect on our immune system

2. Mass vaccinations, along with detection and containment efforts, led to the successful eradication of human-human transmission of

A. Influenza

B. Mumps

C. Smallpox

D. Measles

3. Aging reduces all of the following in the circulatory system except

A. white blood cells

B. hemoglobin

C. lymphocytes

4. A major factor in the spread of transspecies hybrid viruses is

A. lack of vaccines against these novel viruses

B. host organisms lack antibodies against these novel pathogens

C. there is no herd immunity against novel pathogens

D. all of the above

5. There are more stars in the sky than there are grains of sand on all of the beaches on earth.

true

false

6. Aging affects hearing because

A. a decline in the ability to hear high frequencies occurs

B. ear size get smaller as a person ages

C. the bones of the middle ear waste away

7. The action of a neuron is “signal” or “no signal” due to the presence of neurotransmitters.

true

false

8. Physical and physiological differences between humans and life in other galaxies may prohibit contact.

true

false

9. The record number of extreme climate events in 2019

A. increased 14% above average

B. increased 50% above average

C. decreased 14% below average

D. decreased 50% below average

10. The limbic system involves simple memory, including the recollection of favorable and unfavorable circumstances, allowing linkage of experiences as rudimentary “good” or “bad” feelings.

true

false

11. Within the neocortex lies the amygdala, which evaluates every situation as threatening or not.

true

false

12. Endocrine changes as a result of aging

A. differ between genders

B. are regulated by a central pacemaker in the hypothalamus

C. cause hormonal alterations

D. all of the above

13. Warming Mars could be accomplished by

A. using PFCs

B. positioning mirrors to reflect sunlight onto the planet

C. transferring nitrogen from Venus or Titan

D. all of the above

14. Mars is considered favorable for human habitation because

A. the length of day and year are similar to Earth

B. Mars has seasons like Earth

C. Mars tilts on an axis of rotation like Earth

D. all of the above

15. Long-term changes related to extended time in space have been observed in

A. bone formation

B. telomeres

C. the immune system

D. DNA

E. all of the above

16. During aging, there is a slight reduction in heart rate because

A. the heart increases in size

B. fatty & fibrous tissues accumulate around the SA node

C. the heart valve stiffen

17. Bushmeat consumption is thought to be a method of transmission of

A. SIV

B. Zika

C. Influenza

D. SARS

18. Construction of human connectomes would allow detailed study of brain physiology, abilities, and behavior.

true

false

19. The mind is altered by each new event it encounters.

true

false

20. By 2100, global warming is estimated to stunt plant growth by

A. 5%

B. 11%

C. 25%

D. 50%

21. Both humans and the universe are composed of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

true

false

22. The neocortex overrides the primitive actions of the reptilian brain and limbic system, giving rise to rational thinking.

true

false

23. Human health is affected by climate change

A. through increased disease transmission

B. increased acute and chronic respiratory conditions

C. malnutrition as a result of food insecurity

D. increased melanoma diagnoses due to UV exposure

E. all of the above

24. Increased temperature affects animal physiology by

A. increasing water consumption by 2-3X

B. impairing metabolism

C. decreasing reproduction

D. changing optimum growth rate

E. all of the above

25. Extreme weather events can trigger

A. PTSD

B. increased risk of violence and aggression

C. substance abuse

D. financial and relationship stress

E. all of the above

26. Placing a magnetic dipole field between Mars and the sun may help restore Mars'

A. atmosphere

B. water availability

C. temperature regulation

Answer 1

1 . The answer is - A. Weaken our immune system.

Explanation: Lack of gravity in Mars weakens the immune system. This also causes our body's commensal microbes change the way they respond to the stress. It also affects lymphocytes and frequency of infections is increased on Martian surface.

2. The answer is - C. Small pox.

Mass vaccinations , preventive measures, along with global efforts the small pox was officially declared eradicated in the year 1980.

While there are vaccines for influenza, mumps and measles they are yet to be eradicated.

3. The answer is B. Haemoglobin

As we age , lymphocytes, white blood cells decreases and thus the infection risk is increased with advancing age. Haemoglobin is not much affected when compared to other blood cells. There may be slight difference after 70 years owing to change in blood volume. Therefore the answer is haemoglobin.

4. The answer is - D. All of the above.

Transspecies hybrid viruses spread is mainly because it is new species hybrid which we have no herd immunity as we are not exposed to it earlier and we haven't developed antibodies against it due to unexposure and also there aren't vaccines developed because it is a new virus hybrid . Therefore, the answer is all of the above.

5. The answer is- True.

There are about 100 to 400 billion stars in our Milky way galaxy and when you take a whole galaxies into count the number is really huge than the grains of sand on the earth.

6. The answer is - C. The bones of the middle ear waste away.

As we age , the bones in the inner ear namely stapes, incus and malleus undergoes age related changes due to bone loss which result in age related hearing loss known as presbycusis.

7. The answer is - true

Neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine helps in initiation and transmission of signals in nervous system and therefore the answer is true.

Thank you..