Question

sketch one expirment that demonstrates a CS has an inhibitory effect on instrumental responding.

Answer 1

Look at the bottom left graph CS- condition having inhibitory effect on instrumental responding.

Further you may read this review: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763416300616

In all cases, what is generally found is that a CS paired with an appetitive outcome (CS+) enhances instrumental responding compared to an unpaired CS (CS?). Usually the CS+ also increases instrumental responses compared to the baseline (CS-free period), however, in some cases, differences between the CS+ and CS? have emerged but with no difference between the CS+ and baseline, producing instead a reduction of CS-induced response suppression. Furthermore, in the two action case, although typically the ‘same’ CS elevates performance of the action delivering the outcome predicted by the CS relative to both the other action and to baseline performance, it has sometimes been found that both CSs reduce lever pressing compared to the baseline but that the CS sharing the same outcome as the instrumental action reduces performance less than a CS associated with a different outcome. This reduction with respect to the baseline could be due to response competition between instrumental and Pavlovian responses. For example, if the CS prompts considerable magazine approach, it will reduce the time spent pressing the lever

The results showed that participants with a low-baseline response rate, which had supposedly reached a higher level of satiation during the instrumental training, still showed a significant transfer effect. This further confirms that transfer is present after devaluation, at least when conducted using satiation. In contrast, high-baseline responders, which were supposedly less sated and more actively seeking the chocolate outcome, showed no significant transfer effect when tested with the CS+ but did show an inhibitory transfer effect when tested using the unpaired CS?. This latter finding is in line with the fact that positive transfer effects are harder to find when baseline responding is higher